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Chapter 8: Q. 9.2 (page 357)
Regarding the term null hypothesis:
a. Originally, what did the word null in null hypothesis stand for?
b. What has the term null hypothesis come to mean now?
The null hypothesis states about the value of a population parameter.
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Critical Values. In Exercises 21鈥�24, refer to the information in the given exercise and do the following.
a. Find the critical value(s).
b. Using a significance level of = 0.05, should we reject or should we fail to reject ?
Exercise 19
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 9鈥�32, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method unless your instructor specifies otherwise. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section.
Super Bowl Wins Through the sample of the first 49 Super Bowls, 28 of them were won by teams in the National Football Conference (NFC). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the probability of an NFC team Super Bowl win is greater than one-half.
Finding Critical t Values When finding critical values, we often need significance levels other than those available in Table A-3. Some computer programs approximate critical t values by calculating where df = n-1, e = 2.718, , and z is the critical z score. Use this approximation to find the critical t score for Exercise 12 鈥淭ornadoes,鈥� using a significance level of 0.05. Compare the results to the critical t score of 1.648 found from technology. Does this approximation appear to work reasonably well?
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 9鈥�32, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method unless your instructor specifies otherwise. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section.
M&Ms Data Set 27 鈥淢&M Weights鈥� in Appendix B lists data from 100 M&Ms, and 27% of them are blue. The Mars candy company claims that the percentage of blue M&Ms is equal to 24%. Use a 0.05 significance level to test that claim. Should the Mars company take corrective action?
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 9鈥�32, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method unless your instructor specifies otherwise. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section.
Tennis Instant Replay The Hawk-Eye electronic system is used in tennis for displaying an instant replay that shows whether a ball is in bounds or out of bounds so players can challenge calls made by referees. In a recent U.S. Open, singles players made 879 challenges and 231 of them were successful, with the call overturned. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that fewer than 1/ 3 of the challenges are successful. What do the results suggest about the ability of players to see calls better than referees?
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