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How is the P- value of a hypothesis test is actually determined?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The P-value of a hypothesis test is determined by using the rejection of the null hypothesis H0at any significance level of atleast a value which is considered as P-value.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given information

We need to explain that how the P-value of a hypothesis test is actually determined.

02

Step 2. Explanation for the answer:

Let us consider an example, the value of Pis, 0.06.

  • Here, P0.10. So, we can reject the null hypothesis H0at the 10%significance level.
  • Also, here P>0.05. So, we fail to reject the null hypothesis H0at the 5%significance level.

By the way, here the null hypothesis H0can be rejected at any significance level of atleast 0.06.

Hence, it is explained that how theP-value of a hypothesis test is actually determined.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 9鈥32, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method unless your instructor specifies otherwise. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section.

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Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 9鈥32, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method unless your instructor specifies otherwise. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section.

Touch Therapy Repeat the preceding exercise using a 0.01 significance level. Does the conclusion change?

Critical Values. In Exercises 21鈥24, refer to the information in the given exercise and do the following.

a. Find the critical value(s).

b. Using a significance level of = 0.05, should we reject H0or should we fail to reject H0?

Exercise 20

Lead in Medicine Listed below are the lead concentrations (in ) measured in different Ayurveda medicines. Ayurveda is a traditional medical system commonly used in India. The lead concentrations listed here are from medicines manufactured in the United States (based on data from 鈥淟ead, Mercury, and Arsenic in US and Indian Manufactured Ayurvedic Medicines Sold via the Internet,鈥 by Saper et al., Journal of the American Medical Association,Vol. 300, No. 8). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the mean lead concentration for all such medicines is less than 14 g/g.

3.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 20.5 7.5 12.0 20.5 11.5 17.5

P-Values. In Exercises 17鈥20, do the following:

a. Identify the hypothesis test as being two-tailed, left-tailed, or right-tailed.

b. Find the P-value. (See Figure 8-3 on page 364.)

c. Using a significance level of = 0.05, should we reject H0or should we fail to reject H0?

The test statistic of z = -1.94 is obtained when testing the claim that p=38 .

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