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Exercises 1鈥5 refer to the sample data in the following table, which summarizes the last digits of the heights (cm) of 300 randomly selected subjects (from Data Set 1 鈥淏ody Data鈥 in Appendix B). Assume that we want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the data are from a population having the property that the last digits are all equally likely.

Last Digit

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Frequency

30

35

24

25

35

36

37

27

27

24

What are the null and alternative hypotheses corresponding to the stated claim?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis for the given problem is as follows:

\(\begin{aligned}{l}{H_0}:{p_0} = {p_1} = {p_2} = ... = {p_9}\\{H_1}:{\rm{Atleast}}\;{\rm{one}}\;{\rm{of}}\;{\rm{the}}\;{\rm{probabilities}}\;{\rm{is}}\;{\rm{diiferent}}{\rm{.}}\end{aligned}\)

Step by step solution

01

Given information

The last digits of the heights of a sample of people are tabulated along with their respective frequencies.

02

Hypotheses

The claim is to test that the sample is chosen from the population with the property that the has last digits of the heights of people are equally likely to occur.

Let\({p_0},{p_1},{p_2},...,{p_9}\)be the probabilities of the last digitof the heights of a sample of people.

The null hypothesis is written as follows:

The probabilities of the last digits of the heights of people are likely to occur equally.

The alternative hypothesis is written as follows:

The probabilities of the last digits of the heights of people are not likely to occur equally.

In terms of notations, the null and alternative hypothesis is:

\(\begin{aligned}{l}{H_0}:{p_0} = {p_1} = {p_2} = ... = {p_9}\\{H_1}:{\rm{Atleast}}\;{\rm{one}}\;{\rm{of}}\;{\rm{the}}\;{\rm{probabilities}}\;{\rm{is}}\;{\rm{diiferent}}{\rm{.}}\end{aligned}\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Alert nurses at the Veteran鈥檚 Affairs Medical Center in Northampton, Massachusetts, noticed an unusually high number of deaths at times when another nurse, Kristen Gilbert, was working. Those same nurses later noticed missing supplies of the drug epinephrine, which is a synthetic adrenaline that stimulates the heart. Kristen Gilbert was arrested and charged with four counts of murder and two counts of attempted murder. When seeking a grand jury indictment, prosecutors provided a key piece of evidence consisting of the table below. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the defense claim that deaths on shifts are independent of whether Gilbert was working. What does the result suggest about the guilt or innocence of Gilbert?

Shifts With a Death

Shifts Without a Death

Gilbert Was Working

40

217

Gilbert Was Not Working

34

1350

In Exercises 5鈥20, conduct the hypothesis test and provide the test statistic and the P-value and, or critical value, and state the conclusion.

Baseball Player Births In his book Outliers, author Malcolm Gladwell argues that more baseball players have birth dates in the months immediately following July 31, because that was the age cutoff date for nonschool baseball leagues. Here is a sample of frequency counts of months of birth dates of American-born Major League Baseball players starting with January: 387, 329, 366, 344, 336, 313, 313, 503, 421, 434, 398, 371. Using a 0.05 significance level, is there sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that American-born Major League Baseball players are born in different months with the same frequency? Do the sample values appear to support Gladwell鈥檚 claim?

Chocolate and Happiness In a survey sponsored by the Lindt chocolate company, 1708 women were surveyed and 85% of them said that chocolate made them happier.

a. Is there anything potentially wrong with this survey?

b. Of the 1708 women surveyed, what is the number of them who said that chocolate made them happier?

Motor Vehicle Fatalities The table below lists motor vehicle fatalities by day of the week for a recent year (based on data from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety). Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that auto fatalities occur on the different days of the week with the same frequency. Provide an explanation for the results.

Day

Sun.

Mon.

Tues.

Wed.

Thurs.

Fri.

Sat.

Frequency

5304

4002

4082

4010

4268

5068

5985

In a study of high school students at least 16 years of age,

researchers obtained survey results summarized in the accompanying table (based on data from 鈥淭exting While Driving and Other Risky Motor Vehicle Behaviors Among U.S. High School Students,鈥 by O鈥橫alley, Shults, and Eaton, Pediatrics,Vol. 131, No. 6). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim of independence between texting while driving and irregular seat belt use. Are those two risky behaviors independent of each other?


Irregular Seat Belt Use?


Yes

No

Texted while driving

1737

2048

No Texting while driving

1945

2775

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