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Confidence Intervals. In Exercises 9鈥24, construct the confidence interval estimate of the mean.

Student Evaluations Listed below are student evaluation ratings of courses, where a rating of 5 is for 鈥渆xcellent.鈥 The ratings were obtained at the University of Texas at Austin. (See Data Set 17 鈥淐ourse Evaluations鈥 in Appendix B.) Use a 90% confidence level. What does the confidence interval tell us about the population of college students in Texas?

3.8 3.0 4.0 4.8 3.0 4.2 3.5 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.3 3.8 3.3 4.0 3.8

Short Answer

Expert verified

The mean attractiveness from the actual population will lie 90% of the time between 3.67and 4.17.

The observations were recorded from college students at the university. The sample might not be appropriate for the population of college students in Texas. Thus, the confidence interval does not tell anything about the population of students.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

The sample of 15 ratings is observed such that each rating varies from 1 to 10.

02

Check the requirements

The necessary conditions for using any sample data to construct confidence intervals are as follows.

The sample is collected from the population of college students in Texas that satisfies the condition of a simple random sampling. As the sample size is 15, which is less than 30, the condition for normality will only be satisfied if the data follows a normal distribution. This can be verified from the normal probability plot that the sample data points to, as shown below.

03

Compute the degree of freedom and the critical value

The degree of freedom is computed as follows.

df=n-1df=15-1df=14

For the 90% confidence level, the significance level is 0.10.

=1-0.90=0.10

Use the t-distribution table to obtain the critical value when =0.10anddf=14 .

The critical value is obtained as 1.761 from the t-table corresponding to row 14 and column 0.10 (two-tailed).

04

Compute the margin of error 

Let xbe the random variable that denotes the rating of females.

The sample mean can be obtained using the formula x=115i=115xi, where represents the data points in a sample.

Compute the sample mean as follows. So,

x=3.8+3+4+...+3.815=58.815=3.92

.

Calculate the sample variance using the formula s2=115-1i=115xi-x2.

X

x-x2

3.8

0.014

3.0

0.846

4.0

0.006

4.8

0.774

3.0

0.846

4.2

0.078

3.5

0.176

4.7

0.608

4.4

0.230

4.2

0.078

4.3

0.144

3.8

0.014

3.3

0.384

4.0

0.006

3.8

0.014

i=115xi-x2=4.218

Substitute i=115xi-x2=4.218in the formula s2=115-1i=115xi-x2. So,

.s2=1144.218=4.21814=0.301

The square root of the sample variance is equal to the sample standard deviation. Thus, the sample standard deviation is given as follows.

s=0.301=0.5493

The margin of error is given by the formula E=t2sn.Substitute the respective value obtained from above in the equation and simplify to compute the margin of error. So,

E=1.7610.549315=0.2498

05

Construct the confidence interval 

The confidence interval is given as follows.

x-E<<x-E3.92-0.2498<<3.92+0.24983.67<<4.17

06

Analyze the confidence interval   

Therefore, the mean attractiveness from the actual population will lie 90% of the time between and 4.17.

The sample is observed from one university of Texas, which is not appropriate for the population of all students in Texas. Thus, the confidence interval does not tell anything about the population of the students.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Sample Size. In Exercises 29鈥36, find the sample size required to estimate the population mean.

Mean Body Temperature Data Set 3 鈥淏ody Temperatures鈥 in Appendix B includes 106 body temperatures of adults for Day 2 at 12 am, and they vary from a low of 96.5掳F to a high of 99.6掳F. Find the minimum sample size required to estimate the mean body temperature of all adults. Assume that we want 98% confidence that the sample mean is within 0.1掳F of the population mean.

a. Find the sample size using the range rule of thumb to estimate s.

b. Assume that =0.62F, based on the value of s=0.6Ffor the sample of 106 body temperatures.

c. Compare the results from parts (a) and (b). Which result is likely to be better?

Finite Population Correction Factor If a simple random sample of size n is selected without replacement from a finite population of size N, and the sample size is more than 5% of the population size ,better results can be obtained by using the finite population correction factor, which involves multiplying the margin of error E by N-nN-1For the sample of 100 weights of M&M candies in Data Set 27 鈥淢&M Weights鈥 in Appendix B, we get x=0.8656gands=0.0518g First construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of , assuming that the population is large; then construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the mean weight of M&Ms in the full bag from which the sample was taken. The full bag has 465 M&Ms. Compare the results.

Use the given data to find the minimum sample size required to estimate a population proportion or percentage. Lefties: Find the sample size needed to estimate the percentage of California residents who are left-handed. Use a margin of error of three percentage points, and use a confidence level of 99%.

a. Assume that p^andq^are unknown.

b. Assume that based on prior studies, about 10% of Californians are left-handed.

c. How do the results from parts (a) and (b) change if the entire United States is used instead of California?

Finding Critical Values In constructing confidence intervals for or 2, Table A-4 can be used to find the critical values L2and R2only for select values of n up to 101, so the number of degrees of freedom is 100 or smaller. For larger numbers of degrees of freedom, we can approximate L2andR2 by using,

2=12z2+2k-12

where k is the number of degrees of freedom and z2is the critical z score described in Section 7-1. Use this approximation to find the critical values L2and R2for Exercise 8 鈥淗eights of Men,鈥 where the sample size is 153 and the confidence level is 99%. How do the results compare to the actual critical values of L2= 110.846 and R2= 200.657?

In Exercises 5鈥8, use the given information to find the number of degrees of freedom, the critical values X2 L and X2R, and the confidence interval estimate of . The samples are from Appendix B and it is reasonable to assume that a simple random sample has been selected from a population with a normal distribution.

Nicotine in Menthol Cigarettes 95% confidence;n= 25,s= 0.24 mg.

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