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This problem is sometimes called Einstein's problem: "Use the digits \(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9\) and any combination of the operation signs \((+,-,+,\), to write an expression that equals 100 . Keep the numbers in consecutive order and do not use parentheses." Here is one solution: $$ 123-4-5-6-7+8-9=100 $$ Your task is to find another one.

Short Answer

Expert verified
One solution is: 123 - 45 - 67 + 89 = 100.

Step by step solution

01

Examine the Problem Constraints

We need to create an arithmetic expression equal to 100 using the digits 1 to 9 in consecutive order. We can use the operations + and - without parentheses.
02

Structure the Expression using Operations

Since the numbers are lined from 1 through 9, we can begin by considering an expression that could sum close to 100 when calculated, such as substantial addition or subtraction between numbers.
03

Test Potential Combinations

To reach 100, we can try different combinations. For instance, treating some digits as larger numbers, such as 12 and 34. A possible arrangement could be 123 - 45 - 67 + 89.
04

Perform Calculations for the Expression

Substitute the operation structure into the expression: 123 - 45 = 78 78 - 67 = 11 11 + 89 = 100
05

Verify the Solution

Reevaluate the calculation as follows: - First do the subtraction: 123 - 45 = 78. - Next, subtract: 78 - 67 = 11. - Finally, add the result to 89: 11 + 89 = 100. All parts took the valid steps and resulted in 100.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Problem Solving Approach
When approaching a problem like finding an arithmetic expression equaling 100, there are several key strategies to employ. The first step in any problem-solving task is to understand the constraints laid out by the problem. Here, we are restricted to using numbers in consecutive order from 1 to 9 and can use only the arithmetic operations of addition and subtraction without parentheses. This constraint means we must be creative in grouping numbers and selecting operations.
To solve such problems effectively, follow these steps:
  • Break down the problem into smaller tasks: You might start by determining the rough values you need and experimenting with treating consecutive numbers as singular large numbers, such as combining digits into 12 or 34.
  • Test various combinations: Think of each number as part of a larger whole and experiment with placing addition and subtraction signs at various points. This trial-and-error process is crucial, as it allows you to explore all possible solutions.
  • Verify your results: Once you believe you've found a solution, double-check the calculations. Ensure each step conforms to the problem's requirements.
By systematically trying different combinations and verifying the results, you'll develop your problem-solving skills, an essential ability in mathematics and many other fields.
Mathematical Reasoning in Expressions
Mathematical reasoning is crucial when dealing with arithmetic expressions, especially when aiming to achieve a specific number, such as 100, without the guidance of parentheses. This form of reasoning requires understanding not just the operations but the interactions between numbers and operations.
Begin by recognizing each digit or group of digits as a potential component in your final expression. Mathematical reasoning allows you to predict the outcome of an operation based on these components. For example, by treating two or three consecutive digits as one number, like turning 12 into twelve or 456 into four hundred fifty-six, you are using reasoning to simplify your calculation steps.
Following these key strategies helps strengthen your reasoning capabilities:
  • Evaluate how placing an addition or subtraction sign between numbers affects the total sum.
  • Adjust and iterate: If one approach—like grouping different numbers—does not seem to work, systematically adjust your choice and test continuously.
  • Analyze each step’s impact: Consider how each individual operation pushes you towards or away from the target number.
Through practice, you'll enhance the ability to anticipate outcomes and refine your logical thought processes.
Understanding Consecutive Numbers
In this problem, using consecutive numbers means acknowledging a sequence where each number follows another directly. This is important as it distinguishes the potential combinations and the resulting value.
Consecutive numbers in this context are the digits 1 through 9. When performing operations on these, we have the unique challenge of maintaining that sequence while achieving the expression's total value of 100. One effective way to do this is by combining consecutive numbers into larger figures to simplify calculations, such as merging 12 and 3 to form 123.
Here are ways to handle consecutive numbers in calculations:
  • Do not skip or mix up the order: Adhere strictly to the natural sequence to preserve the integrity of the numbers as consecutive.
  • Use combination to your advantage: Decide where to treat consecutive numbers as a single entity to allow flexibility in the resulting values.
  • View each number as part of a broader pattern: This helps visualize how each contributes to reaching the desired sum.
By recognizing the relevance and behavior of consecutive numbers, you'll find more elegant and accurate solutions, enhancing both your mathematical insight and practical arithmetic skills.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

As part of their homework assignment, Thu and Sabrina each found equations from a table of data relating miles and kilometers. One entry in the table paired 150 kilometers and 93 miles. From this pair of data values, Thu and Sabrina wrote different equations. a. Thu wrote the equation \(y=1.61 x\). How did he get it? What does \(1.61\) represent? What do \(x\) and \(y\) represent? (Ii) b. Sabrina wrote \(y=0.62 x\) as her equation. How did she get it? What does \(0.62\) represent? What do \(x\) and \(y\) represent? c. Whose equation would you use to convert miles to kilometers? d. When would you use the other student's equation?

Evaluate each expression if \(x=6\). a. \(2 x+3\) b. \(2(x+3)\) c. \(5 x-13\) d. \(\frac{x+9}{3}\)

Justine asked her group members to do this calculation: Pick a number, multiply by 5 , and subtract 2 . Quentin got 33 for an answer. Explain how Justine could determine what number Quentin picked. What number did Quentin pick?

APPLICATION If you're planning to travel to another country, you will need to learn about its monetary system. This table gives some exchange rates that tell how many of each monetary unit are equivalent to one U.S. dollar. \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|} \hline Country & Monetary unit & Exchange rates units per American dollar) \\ \hline Brazil & real & \(2.686\) \\ \hline Thailand & baht & \(38.600\) \\ \hline Italy & euro & \(0.772\) \\ \hline Japan & yen & \(104.160\) \\ \hline Mexico & peso & \(11.297\) \\ \hline India & rupee & \(43.650\) \\ \hline United Kingdom & pound & \(0.536\) \\ \hline \end{tabular} (Federal Reserve Bank of New York for January 25, 2005) a. Make a list of ten items and the price of each item in U.S. dollars. Enter these prices into list \(\mathrm{Ll}\) on your calculator. b. Choose one of the countries in the table and convert the U.S. dollar amounts in your list to that country's monetary unit. Use list L 2 to calculate these new values from list \(\mathrm{Ll}\). c. Using list L.3, convert the values in list L. back to the values in list d. Describe how you would convert euros to pesos.

$$ \begin{aligned} &\text { Find the missing values in this table. Round each value to the nearest tenth. }\\\ &\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \text { Distance (mi) } & \text { Distance }(\mathbf{k m}) \\ \hline(a) & 4.5 \\ \hline 7.8 & \\ \hline 650.0 & \\ \hline & 1500.0 \\ \hline \end{array} \end{aligned} $$

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