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Chapter 18: Problem 2478

A Free neutron decays into a Proton, an electron and (A) \(\mathrm{v}\) (B) \(\underline{\mathrm{V}}\) (C) \(\beta\) (D) \(\alpha\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct particle emitted during the decay of a free neutron is an 'antineutrino'. The closest option to antineutrino in the list is (B) \(\underline{\mathrm{V}}\).

Step by step solution

01

Write down the decay reaction

A free neutron (n) decays into a proton (p), an electron (e鈦�), and another particle which we need to identify. \(n \rightarrow p + e^- + X\) Where 'X' is the unknown particle we need to find.
02

Investigate possible particles

A neutron decay is a common process known as beta decay (specifically, beta minus decay). In this process, a neutron changes into a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino. Let's represent the antineutrino as (\(\bar\nu_e\)). Now, let's compare this particle with the given options: (A) The first option is "\(\mathrm{v}\)" which seems to represent neutrino. (B) The second option is underlined "\(\mathrm{V}\)" which could be a different notation for a neutrino. (C) The third option is "\(\beta\)" which represents a beta particle, which is already an electron in the reaction. (D) The fourth option is "\(\alpha\)" which represents an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons). We are dealing with beta decay so the antineutrino is the third particle emitted during the process.
03

Choose the correct option

Based on our analysis, the correct particle emitted is an 'antineutrino'. The closest option to antineutrino in the list is: (B) \(\underline{\mathrm{V}}\) Thus, the answer should be option (B).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Beta Decay
Beta decay is a fascinating process in the world of nuclear physics. It's one type of radioactive decay where a neutron in an atom's nucleus transforms into a proton. Unlike certain other forms of decay, this transformation involves the nucleus emitting a beta particle, which in the case of beta minus decay, is an electron. It's a natural way for certain unstable isotopes to become more stable.
  • It changes a neutron ( ) into a proton ( ).
  • During this process, an electron and an antineutrino are released.

Overall, beta decay is crucial for correcting the neutron-to-proton ratio in the nucleus, thus helping the atom reach a more stable state. It is a key concept used to understand various nuclear processes in physics.
Neutron
Neutrons are subatomic particles that form part of the atomic nucleus, along with protons. They are neutral particles, meaning they have no electric charge. Neutrons are essential for the stability of most nuclei, providing the necessary attractive forces that hold the nucleus together.
  • A free neutron, outside of a nucleus, will decay.
  • In beta decay, a neutron turns into a proton, releasing energy in the form of an electron and an antineutrino.

Understanding the structure and behavior of neutrons is critical in nuclear physics, as they play a significant role in nuclear reactions and the stability of atoms.
Proton
A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle found within atomic nuclei. With a charge opposite to that of an electron, protons play a significant role in the structure and identity of an atom. The number of protons in a nucleus defines the element.
  • In the beta decay process, a neutron transforms into a proton.
  • This transformation changes the element, as the atomic number (proton count) changes.

Protons, along with neutrons, form the nucleus of an atom and contribute to the majority of its mass. Their charge is fundamental in generating the electromagnetic forces that bind electrons to the nucleus, further illustrating their importance.
Antineutrino
The antineutrino is a tiny, neutral particle with extraordinarily little mass. Emitted during beta decay, antineutrinos are highly elusive and quite difficult to detect due to their weak interaction with matter.
  • In beta decay, an antineutrino carries away some of the energy released in the process.
  • It is symbolized typically as \( \bar{u}_e \).

Antineutrinos are important in understanding how energy and momentum are conserved in nuclear reactions. They knit together the knowledge of particle emission in decay processes, offering insight into the intricate balance of forces at the atomic level.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

It the radius of a nucleus of mass number 3 is \(\mathrm{R}\). then the radius of a nucleus of mass number 81 is (A) \(27 \mathrm{R}\) (B) \(9 \mathrm{R}\) (C) \(3 \mathrm{R}\) \((\mathrm{D})(27)^{(1 / 2)} \mathrm{R}\)

The transition the state \(\mathrm{n}=4\) to \(\mathrm{n}=1\) in a hydrogen like atom results in ultraviolet radiation. Infrared radiation will be obtained in the transition form (A) \(3 \rightarrow 2\) (B) \(5 \rightarrow 4\) (C) \(4 \rightarrow 2\) (D) \(2 \rightarrow 1\)

If a hydrogen atom emits a Photon of wave length \(\lambda\). the recoil speed of the atom of mass \(\mathrm{m}\) is given by (A) \((\mathrm{h} / \mathrm{m} \lambda)\) (B) \((\mathrm{mh} / \lambda)\) (C) \(\operatorname{mh} \lambda\) (D) \((\mathrm{m} \lambda / \mathrm{h})\)

Read the following question and choose correct Answer form given below. (A) Both assertion and reason are true. Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion. (B) Both assertion and reason are true. Reason is not correct explanation of the assertion. (C) Assertion is true but reason is false. (D) Assertion is false and Reason are true. (i) Assertion :- In a radio-active disintegration, an electron is emitted by nucleus. Reason :- electron are always Present in-side the nucleus. (ii) Assertion :- An electron and Positron can annihilate each other creating Photon Reason:- Electron and Positron form a Particle and anti Particle pair. (iii) Assertion:- An isolated radioactive atom may not decay at all what ever be its half time Reason:- Radioactive decay is a statistical Phenomena. (iv) Assertion:- Fragment Produced in the fission of \(\mathrm{u}^{235}\) are active Reason:- The fragments have abnormally high Proton to neutron ratio

what Percent of original radioactive substance is left after 5 half life time (A) \(3 \%\) (B) \(5 \%\) (C) \(6 \%\) (D) \(12 \%\)
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