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Governments, organizations, and individuals use financial plan known as budget to forecast revenue and expenses for a specific period of time.

The standardised employment budget deficit is the budget deficit that would exist if the economy were operating at its maximum capacity. The real budget deficit will be higher than the standardised employment budget deficit during a recession. Because the economy is producing at a lower-than-potential level during the recession, this is the case. Because employment levels are low and unemployment is high, the government attempts to increase aggregate demand by spending on public works, welfare schemes, unemployment insurance, and so on, resulting in a bigger budget deficit.

As a result, the standardised employment budget deficit is lower than the actual budget deficit during a recession.