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Chapter 12: Q.39 (page 297)

Technological innovations shift the production

possibility curve. Look at graph you sketched for

Exercise 12.13 Which types of technologies should

a country promote? Should 鈥渃lean鈥� technologies be

promoted over other technologies? Why or why not?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Waste-reduction technology should be encouraged, and clean technologies in particular should be promoted.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction

The production potential curve is a graph that depicts several combinations of variables that are all equally productive.

02

Explanation

The graph shows that P,R,S are on the PPF curve and so productively efficient, whereas point T and S are inside the curve and thus not productive. Technology and innovation have the potential to shift the PPF curve to the right, making it more productive and efficient. Recycling, garbage treatment, and low-waste procedures are examples of technology that can help us achieve sustainable development.

Clean technologies are favored above other approaches since they focus on changing industrial processes and products that are more environmentally friendly rather than cleaning pipes and processing garbage.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider two approaches to reducing emissions of CO2 into the environment from manufacturing industries in the United States. In the first approach, the U.S. government makes it a policy to use only predetermined technologies. In the second approach, the U.S. government determines which technologies are cleaner and subsidizes their use. Of the two approaches, which is the command-and-control policy?

Is zero pollution possible under a marketable permits system? Why or why not?

What is the difference between private costs and social costs?

Suppose a city releases 16million gallons of raw sewage into a nearby lake. Table 12.8shows the total costs of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits of doing so. (Benefits include environmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits.)


Total Cost (in thousands of

dollars)


Total Benefits (in thousands of


dollars)


16 million

gallons


Current situation
Current situation

12 million

gallons


50800
8 million gallons
1501300
4 million gallons
5001650
0 gallons
12001900

a. Using the information in Table 12.8, calculate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of reducing sewage emissions for this city. See Production, Costs, and Industry Structure if you need a refresher on how to calculate marginal costs.

b. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city?

c. Why not just pass a law that firms can emit zero sewage? After all, the total benefits of zero-emissions exceed the total costs.

Consider two ways of protecting elephants from poachers in African countries. In one approach, the government sets up enormous national parks that have sufficient habitat for elephants to thrive and forbids all local people to enter the parks or to injure either the elephants or their habitat in any way. In a second approach, the government sets up the national parks and designates 10villages around the edges of the park as official tourist centers that become places where tourists can stay and bases for guided tours inside the national park. Consider the different incentives of local villagers - who often are very poor - in each of these plans. Which plan seems more likely to help the elephant population?
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