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Look again at Figure 11.17 (p. 438). Suppose that the marginal costs c1 and c2 were zero. Show that in this case, pure bundling, not mixed bundling, is the most profitable pricing strategy. What price should be charged for the bundle? What will the firm鈥檚 profit be?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The pure bundling pricing policy will provide the producer more profits than the mixed bundling pricing policy. The bundle should be priced at $100. The firm鈥檚 profit would be $400.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Compare the profits from pure bundling and mixed bundling

  • Profit under pure bundling:Under the pure bundling pricing strategy, the producer will sell a package of two goods to the consumers. It will charge a price equal to the maximum reservation price that the customer is willing to pay for the combination of both the goods. Since marginal cost is zero for both the goods, profit will be equal to the price of goods.

The producer will sell both the goods as a single package at a maximum price of $100. The diagram suggests each consumer can offer a reservation price of $100 for the package of both the goods. The producer will sell four packages and earn a total profit of $400.

  • Profit under mixed bundling:Under the mixed bundling pricing policy, the producer tries to earn maximum profit by applying a separate pricing policy for some consumers and a pure bundling pricing policy for others. The total profit will be the sum of profits earned from all the consumers.

Suppose the producer applies a mixed bundling policy for the consumers shown in the figure. In that case, it will earn maximum by applying a separate pricing policy for consumers A and D and bundling pricing policy for consumers B and C. Thus. The producer will charge $90 for Good 2 from Consumer A, $90 for Good 1 from Consumer D, and a bundling price of $100 for both the goods from Consumer B and Consumer C.

The total profit earned by the producer will be the sum of prices charged from each consumer. Thus, the total profit will be $380 (90+90+100+100).

Comparing both the pricing strategies, the pure bundling pricing policy provides more profit to the producer. Hence, the pure bundling pricing policy provides more profits to the producer in the absence of any marginal costs.

02

Step 2. Determination of prices for the bundle

It is evident that a pure bundling pricing policy will be ideal for the producer because this pricing policy provides maximum profit compared to other pricing policies. Under this policy, the producer will charge a price equal to of maximum reservation price that the consumers are willing to pay for the bundle. Since all the four consumers are willing to pay $100 for the bundle (combination of both the goods), the producer charge $100 for the bundle. Therefore, the price of the bundle would be $100.

03

Step 3. Determining the firm’s profit

Since the marginal cost of the goods is zero, the firm鈥檚 profit from each good would be the price of that good. Hence, the firm's total profit would be the sum of the price paid by Consumer A, Consumer B, Consumer C, and Consumer D for a unit of the bundle.

Since each consumer has paid the same price for the bundle, the firm's total profit would be 4脳100 = $400.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Some years ago, an article appeared in the New York Times about IBM鈥檚 pricing policy. The previous day,IBM had announced major price cuts on most of itssmall and medium-sized computers. The article said:

IBM probably has no choice but to cut prices periodicallyto get its customers to purchase moreand lease less. If they succeed, this could makelife more difficult for IBM鈥檚 major competitors.Outright purchases of computers are needed for ever larger IBM revenues and profits, says Morgan Stanley鈥檚 Ulric Weil in his new book, InformationSystems in the 80鈥檚. Mr. Weil declares that IBM cannot revert to an emphasis on leasing.

a. Provide a brief but clear argument in support of the claim that IBM should try 鈥渢o get its customers to purchase more and lease less.鈥

b. Provide a brief but clear argument against this claim.

c. What factors determine whether leasing or selling is preferable for a company like IBM? Explain briefly.

Suppose that two competing firms, A and B, produce a homogeneous good. Both firms have a marginal cost of MC = \(50. Describe what would happen to output and price in each of the following situations if the firms are at (i) Cournot equilibrium, (ii) collusive equilibrium, and (iii) Bertrand equilibrium.

(a) Because Firm A must increase wages, its MC increases to \)80.

(b) The marginal cost of both firms increases.

(c) The demand curve shifts to the right.

Look again at Figure 11.12 (p. 434), which shows the reservation prices of three consumers for two goods.

Assuming that marginal production cost is zero for both goods, can the producer make the most money by selling the goods separately, by using pure bundling, or by using mixed bundling? What prices should be charged?

You are an executive for Super Computer, Inc. (SC), which rents out supercomputers. SC receives a fixed rental payment per time period in exchange for the right to unlimited computing at a rate of P cents per second. SC has two types of potential customers of equal number鈥10 businesses and 10 academic institutions. Each business customer has the demand function Q = 10 - P, where Q is in millions of seconds per month; each academic institution has the demand Q = 8 - P. The marginal cost to SC of additional computing is 2 cents per second, regardless of volume.

  1. Suppose that you could separate business and academic customers. What rental fee and usage fee would you charge each group? What would be your profits?
  2. Suppose you were unable to keep the two types of customers separate and charged a zero rental fee. What usage fee would maximize your profits? What would be your profits?
  3. Suppose you set up one two-part tariff鈥攖hat is, you set one rental and one usage fee that both business and academic customers pay. What usage and rental fees would you set? What would be your profits? Explain why the price would not be equal to marginal cost.

You are selling two goods, 1 and 2, to a market consisting of three consumers with reservation prices as follows:

RESERVATION PRICE (\()

CONSUMER FOR 1 FOR 2

A 20 100

B 60 60

C 100 20

The unit cost of each product is \)30.

a. Compute the optimal prices and profits for (i) selling the goods separately, (ii) pure bundling, and (iii) mixed bundling.

b. Which strategy would be most profitable? Why?

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