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Explain: 鈥淯nemployment can be caused by a decrease of aggregate demand or a decrease of aggregate supply.鈥 In each case, specify the price-level outcomes.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The reduction in aggregate demand or supply will cause unemployment to increase as the change in price level lead to a change in output. The price level decreases when aggregate demand decreases and increases when aggregate supply decreases.

Step by step solution

01

Unemployment caused by decrease in aggregate demand

The change in unemployment can vary with the change in magnitude, mainly decrease in aggregate demand. If the economy is at full employment level, then a decrease in aggregate demand will have an uncertain effect on unemployment but substantially impact the price level. Suppose the economy is operating on the left side of the full employment level, then the reduction in aggregate demand will increase unemployment more than the price change.

Suppose the economy was operating at point A, and after the change in aggregate demand, the economy shifts to point B. Thus, the output falls more than the price change.

02

Unemployment caused by decrease in aggregate supply

When the aggregate supply reduces, the price level will increase; thus, the output will fall. With the fall in production, unemployment will increase as the output is reduced.

As the aggregate supply falls, the economy moves from point C to point D, where the price level increases and the output falls; thus, it creates unemployment.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Why is the aggregate demand curve downsloping? Specify how your explanation differs from the explanation for the downsloping demand curve for a single product. What role does the multiplier play in shifts of the aggregate demand curve?

What shifts the aggregate demand curve?

True or False. Decreases in AD normally lead to decreases in both output and the price level.

Assume that (a) the price level is flexible upward but not downward and (b) the economy is currently operating at its full-employment output. Other things equal, how will each of the following affect the equilibrium price level and equilibrium level of real output in the short run?

  1. An increase in aggregate demand.

  2. A decrease in aggregate supply, with no change in aggregate demand.

  3. Equal increases in aggregate demand and aggregate supply.

  4. A decrease in aggregate demand.

  5. An increase in aggregate demand that exceeds an increase in aggregate supply.

Refer to the data in the table that accompanies problem 2. Suppose that the present equilibrium price level and level of real GDP are 100 and \(225, and that data set B represents the relevant aggregate supply schedule for the economy.

(A)(B)(C)
Price LevelReal GDPPrice LevelReal GDPPrice LevelReal GDP
110275100200110225
100250100225100225
9522510025095225
9020010027590225
  1. What must be the current amount of real output demanded at the 100 price level?
  2. If the amount of output demanded declined by \)25 at the 100 price level shown in B, what would be the new equilibrium real GDP? In business cycle terminology, what would economists call this change in real GDP?
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