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Question: Let={0,1,} be the tape alphabet for all TMs in this problem. Define the busy beaver function BB:NNas follows. For each value of k, consider all K-state TMs that halt when started with a blank tape. LetBB(k) be the maximum number of 1s that remain on the tape among all of these machines. Show that BB is not a computable function.

Short Answer

Expert verified

BB is not a computable function

Step by step solution

01

Turing Machine(TM)

A Turing Machine is a computational model concept that runs on the unrestricted grammar of Type-0. It accepts recursive enumerable language and comprises of an infinite tape length, where reading and writing operations can be performed accordingly.

02

Proving BB is not computable

1nAssume that BB is a computable function. Now, if that so, then there must exist a Turing Machine F that will compute BB.

So, let F be TM that halts with 1BB(n)on the tape on input: for all value of 鈥渘鈥

Now, construct a Turing Machine M which will halt if started with a blank tape as shown in the following steps:

  1. M writes n times 1s on the tape.
  2. M increases 1s to double on tape.
  3. M runs F on the input 12n. Therefore, M will always halt with BB2nwhen it starts with a blank tape.

We will run the 1st step up to n times, which correspond to 鈥渘鈥 states. And we have to run step 2 and step 3 for some constant state 鈥渃鈥.

So according to this, BBn+cis the maximum number of 1s that an+c stage Turing Machine will halt. This implies thatBBn+cBB2n鈭赌n1

is monotonically increasing becauseBBn+1BBn鈭赌nN.

But if that so then BBn+cBB2n鈭赌nc. This contradicts the above equation given in (1).

Hence, we can conclude that BBkis not a computable function.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: Consider the problem of determining whether a single-tape Turing machine ever writes a blank symbol over a nonblank symbol during the course of its computation on any input string. Formulate this problem as a language and show that it is undecidable.

Let =0,1,be the tape alphabet for all TMs in this problem. Define the busy beaver function BB:NN as follows. For each value of K, consider all K-state TMs that halt when started with a blank tape. LetBBk be the maximum number of1s that remain on the tape among all of these machines. Show thatBB is not a computable function.

Define a two-headed finite automaton (2DFA) to be a deterministic finite automaton that has two read-only, bidirectional heads that start at the left-hand end of the input tape and can be independently controlled to move in either direction. The tape of a 2DFA is finite and is just large enough to contain the input plus two additional blank tape cells, one on the left-hand end and one on the right-hand end, that serve as delimiters. A 2DFA accepts its input by entering a special accept state. For example, a 2DFA can recognize the languageanbncn|n0 .

  • a. Let A2DFA={<M,x>|Mis a 2DFA and M acceptsx} . Show that A2DFA is decidable.
  • b. Let E2DFA={<M>|Mis a 2DFA and LM=}. Show that E2DFA is not decidable.

Prove that the following two languages are undecidable.

  1. OVERLAPCFG={G,HGandHareCFGswhereLGLH6=}and are CFGs where. (Hint: Adapt the hint in Problem 5.21.)
  2. PREFIX-FREECFG={GGisaCFGwhereL(G)isprefix-free} .

Find a match in the following instance of the Post Correspondence Problem.{[ababab],[ba],[abab],[aaa]}

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