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Chapter 4: Q28P (page 93)

Set up a spreadsheet to reproduce Figure 4-15. Add error bars: Follow the procedure on pages 87-88. Usesyfor the + and - error.

Short Answer

Expert verified

A spreadsheet similar to Figure 4-15is set up in step 2.

A graph plotted on the spreadsheet by the use of x and y values is shown in step 3.

Step by step solution

01

Error bar to agraph

Error bars on the graphs helps to judge the quality of data and the fit of a curve to the data.

02

Generation of Spreadsheet

Given data:

Use the data from Figure 4-15

Use the procedure from pages 87-88to add error bars.

Use syfor the + and - error

A spreadsheet similar to Figure 4-15 is as shown below.


The above spreadsheet gives the slope, the intercept and its uncertainties, and also the standard uncertainty and standard deviation ofysy

03

Plot the graph

Now, let us plot a graph on the spreadsheet by the use of the x and y values.

The error bars on the points of the graph are drawn with the help of the procedure given in pages 87-88.

The obtained graph with the addition of error bars is shown in Figure 2.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Logarithmic calibration curve. Calibration data spanning five orders of magnitude for an electrochemical determination of p-nitrophenol are given in the table. (The blank has already been subtracted from the measured current.) If you try to plot these dataon a linear graph extending from 0 to 310渭驳/mLand from 0 to 5260nA, most of the points will be bunched up near the origin. To handle data with such a large range, a logarithmic plot is helpful.

Overwhatrangeisthelog-logcalibrationlinear?

(a) Make a graph of log (current) versus log( concentration). Over what range is the log-log calibration linear?

(b)FindtheequationoftheLine

InTheform log(current)=m脳log(concentration)+b

(c) Find the concentration of p-nitrophenol corresponding to a signal of 99.9nA.

(d) Propagation of uncertainty with logarithm. For a signal of 99.9nA, log (concentration) and its standard uncertainty turn out to be 0.68315卤0.04522. With rules for propagation of uncertainty from Chapter 3, find the uncertainty in concentration.

A Standard Reference Material is certified to contain 94.6 ppm of an organic contaminant in soil. Your analysis gives values of 98.6,98.4,97.2,94.6, and 96.2ppm. Do your results differ from the expected result at the 95% confidence level? If you made one more measurement and found 94.5, would your conclusion change?

Hydrocarbons in the cab of an automobile were measured during trips on the New Jersey Turnpike and trips through the Lincoln Tunnel connecting New York and New Jersey. The concentrations ( 卤standard deviations) ofm- andp -xylene were

Turnpike:31.4卤30.0渭驳/m3(32measurements)Tunnel:52.9卤29.8渭驳/m3(32measurements)

Do these results differ at the 95%confidence level? At the 99%confidence level?

Sample 8 of Problem 4-3 was analyzed seven times, with x炉=1.52793and s=0.00007. Find the 99 % confidence interval for sample 8 .

If you measure a quantity four times and the standard deviation is 1.0% of the average, can you be 90% confident that the true value is within 1.2% of the measured average?
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