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Chapter 3: Q10P (page 62)

Explain the difference between systematic and random error.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The major distinction between systematic and random mistakes is that random errors cause oscillations around the correct value as a result of measuring difficulties. When you do duplicate measurements, systematic error is constantly above or below the "actual value."

Step by step solution

01

Definition of systematic and random error.

  • Systematic errors are mistakes that are not caused by chance, but rather by an inherent inaccuracy in the system (including either the observation or measurement process). The term "systematic error" can also refer to a mistake with a nonzero mean that has no impact when the observations are averaged.
  • The term "random error" refers to an unanticipated disruption in the experiment caused by an unknown source. In theory, you may track down the cause of the mistake and eliminate it in a better trial, bringing the measured mean closer to the real mean. Random mistake can be either beneficial or harmful, and it can't be avoided.
02

Determine the difference between systematic and random error.

The primary distinction between systematic and random mistakes is that random errors cause oscillations around the correct value as a result of measuring difficulties. If you perform duplicate measurements, systematic error is always above or always below the "actual value."

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Avogadro's number can be computed from the following measured properties of pure crystalline silicon: 5

(1) atomic mass (obtained from the mass and abundance of each isotope), (2) density of the crystal, (3) size of the unit cell (the smallest repeating unit in the crystal), and (4) number of atoms in the unit cell. For the material that was used, the average atomic mass of Si is role="math" localid="1663313481329" msi=28.0853842(35)g/mol, where 35 is the uncertainty (standard deviation) in the last two digits. The density is p=2.3290319(18)g/cm3, the size of the cubic unit cell is c0=5.43102036(33)脳10-8cm, and there are 8 atoms per unit cell. Avogadro's number is computed from the equation

NA=mSi(pc03)/8

From the measured properties and their uncertainties, compute Avogadro's number and its uncertainty.

To find the uncertainty of con3 use the function y=x4in Table 3-1.

You can calculate the time it will take for an object to fall from the top of a building to the ground if you know the height of the building. If the height has an uncertainty of 1.0% ,what is the uncertainty in time?

You have a stock solution certified by a manufacturer to contain 150.0卤0.3渭驳厂翱42-/mL. You would like to dilute it by a factor of 100 to obtain 1.500渭g/mL. Two possible methods of dilution are stated below. For each method, calculate the resulting uncertainty in concentration. Use manufacturer's tolerances in Tables 2-3 and 2-4 for uncertainties. Explain why one method is more precise than the other.

(a) Dilute 10.00mL up to 100mL with a transfer pipet and volumetric flask. Then take 10.00mL of the dilute solution and dilute it again to 100mL.

(b) Dilute 1.000mL up to 100mL with a transfer pipet and volumetric flask.

Suppose that in a gravimetric analysis, you forget to dry the filter crucibles before collecting precipitate. After filtering the product, you dry the product and crucible thoroughly before weighing them. Is the apparent mass of product always high or always low? Is the error in mass systematic or random?

Find the absolute and percent relative uncertainty and express each answer with a reasonable number of significant figures.

a)6.2卤0.2-4.1卤0.1=?b)9.43卤0.05脳0.0160.001=?c)6.2卤0.2-4.1卤0.1梅9.43卤0.05=?d)9.43卤0.05脳6.2卤0.2脳10-3+4.1卤0.1脳10-3
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