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Chapter 1: Q9P (page 58)

Draw the important resonance forms of the following cations and anions:

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Step by step solution

01

Resonance structures

A single structural formula sometimes cannot explain all the properties of a compound that is given. In such cases, the compound may be represented by two or more structural formulae which differ from each other only in the arrangement of electrons. None of this structural formula alone can explain all the observed properties of the compound. The compound is then said to show resonance. The various structures are known as resonating structures.

02

Conditions fulfilled while drawing resonance forms

  1. All resonance structures must have same number of valence electrons. The electrons are nor created nor destroyed in drawing resonance structures.
  2. All resonance structures must obey the octet rule.
  3. In space between the resonance structures, nuclei do not change their positions.
03

Resonance forms of cations and anions

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For each pair of structures, determine whether they represent different compounds or a single compound.

a.

b.

c.

d.

(a) Predict the hybridization of the oxygen atom in water H2O,. Draw a picture of its three-dimensional structure, and explain why its bond angle is 104.50.

(b) The electrostatic potential maps for ammonia and water are shown here. The structure of ammonia is shown within its EPM. Note how the lone pair creates a region of high electron potential (red), and the hydrogens are in regions of low electron potential (blue). Show how your three-dimensional structure of water corresponds with its EPM.

Determine whether the following pairs of structures are different compounds or simply resonance forms of the same compounds.

There is a small portion of the periodic table that you must know to do organic chemistry. Construct this part from memory, using the following steps.

  1. From memory, make a list of the elements in the first two rows of the periodic table, together with their numbers of valence electrons.
  2. Use this list to construct the first two rows of the periodic table.
  3. Organic compounds often contain sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Add these elements to your periodic table.

(a) Two compounds of formula C4H10

(b) Two compounds of formula C2H6O

(c) Two compounds of formula C2H7N

(d) Three compounds of formula C2H7NO

(e) Three compounds of formula C3H8O2

(f) Three compounds of formula C2H4O
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