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Magazine Chapter 2: Q10P (page 112)
Write equations for the following acid- base reactions. Use the information in Table 2.2 or Appendix 4 to predict whether the equilibrium will favor the reactants or the products.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
Short Answer
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
Step by step solution
Conjugate acid-base pair
The residual part of acid after losing a proton (H+) will have a tendency to accept a proton (H+) . Therefore, it will behave as a base. These pairs of substances which differ from one another by a proton (H+) are known as conjugate acid-base pairs. Consider a general example of an acid:
Ka and pKa
Ka is known as the acid dissociation constant and its value indicates the relative strength of the acid. pKa is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10 ) of Ka. Mathematically, pKa = -logKa. pKa value of strong acids is usually zero or even negative while the pKa value of weaker acids are greater than 4.
Kb is known as the base dissociation constant and its value indicates the relative strength of the base. pKb is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of Kb. Mathematically, pKb= -logKb.
Equilibrium positions of acid-base reactions
The formation of weaker acid and weaker base is favored by the acid-base equilibrium. Larger pKa means weaker is the acid while larger pKb means weaker is the base. Both the weaker acid and weaker base exist as either reactants or products and they are always present on the same side of the equation.
Prediction of equilibrium
(a)
The weaker acid and weaker base are both present in the product side, hence the equilibrium will favor the products.
(b)
The weaker acid and weaker base are both present in the reactant side, hence the equilibrium will favor the reactants.
(c)
The weaker acid and weaker base are both present in the product side, hence the equilibrium will favor the products.
(d)
The weaker acid and weaker base are both present in the reactant side, hence the equilibrium will favor the reactants.
(e)
The weaker acid and weaker base are both present in the product side, hence the equilibrium will favor the products.
(f)
The weaker acid and weaker base are both present in the product side, hence the equilibrium will favor the products.
(g)
The weaker acid and weaker base are both present in the product side, hence the equilibrium will favor the products.
(h)
The weaker acid and weaker base are both present in the product side, hence the equilibrium will favor the products.
(i)
The weaker acid and weaker base are both present in the product side, hence the equilibrium will favor the products.
(j)
The weaker acid and weaker base are both present in the product side, hence the equilibrium will favor the products.
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