/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 17 List the postulates of the Watso... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 28: Problem 17

List the postulates of the Watson-Crick model of DNA secondary structure.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The five postulates of the Watson-Crick model of DNA secondary structure are: 1) Double Helix Structure: The DNA molecule is composed of two helical chains twisted around a common axis, providing stability. 2) Antiparallel Strands: The two polynucleotide strands run in opposite directions, allowing for proper base pairing and stability. 3) Complementary Base Pairing: Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine, due to hydrogen bonding which further stabilizes the DNA molecule. 4) Base Pairing Precision: The consistent helix width results from purine-pyrimidine base pairing, ensuring the strands are properly held together. 5) Semi-Conservative Replication: During replication, each strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand, maintaining the genetic integrity during cell division.

Step by step solution

01

Postulate 1: Double Helix Structure

The Watson-Crick model postulates that the DNA molecule is composed of two helical chains (polynucleotides) that are twisted around a common axis to form a double helix structure. This structure helps to maintain stability within the DNA molecule.
02

Postulate 2: Antiparallel Strands

The two polynucleotide strands in the DNA molecule run in opposite directions, meaning one strand runs 5' to 3' while the other strand runs 3' to 5'. This antiparallel orientation allows for the proper base pairing between the two strands, ensuring the stability of the DNA molecule.
03

Postulate 3: Complementary Base Pairing

In the Watson-Crick model, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C). This specific base pairing is due to hydrogen bonds formed between the bases, which helps to stabilize the DNA molecule.
04

Postulate 4: Base Pairing Precision

The Watson-Crick model states that the width of the helix is consistent throughout, resulting from the geometry of the base pairs. Purine (A and G) and pyrimidine (T and C) base pairs form, ensuring that the helix width remains the same and the two strands can be held together properly.
05

Postulate 5: Semi-Conservative Replication

The Watson-Crick model proposes that during DNA replication, the double helix unwinds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This process results in two DNA molecules, each containing one original and one newly synthesized strand. This is known as semi-conservative replication, which maintains the integrity of the genetic information during cell division.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Double Helix Structure
The Watson-Crick model revolutionized our understanding of DNA by suggesting that its structure is a double helix. Picture a twisted ladder where the sides represent sugar-phosphate backbones, and the rungs are pairs of nitrogenous bases. This elegant twist not only serves an architectural purpose but is vital for the molecule's function. The helical shape allows DNA to be packed tightly within the nuclei of cells, making efficient use of space while storing vast amounts of genetic information.

The stability provided by this two-stranded helix also shields the genetic sequences from damage and errors during cell processes. Moreover, the spiraling nature is crucial during DNA replication, where the strands need to separate and serve as templates for new DNA molecules.
Antiparallel Strands
By design, the two strands in a DNA molecule run in opposite directions, a feature known as antiparallel orientation. On one strand, the direction is 5' to 3', while on the other, it is 3' to 5'. This setup is significant because enzymes responsible for DNA synthesis and replication operate in a specific direction.

Imagine a highway where traffic flows smoothly because vehicles on each side move in designated directions; similarly, the antiparallel nature of DNA strands ensures orderly, error-free processing during replication and transcription. This structural feature facilitates the enzymes to 'read' the strands and carry out biochemical reactions properly, ultimately ensuring that genetic information is accurately transferred and expressed.
Complementary Base Pairing
The specificity of base pairing in DNA is a fundamental aspect of its structure and function. Each base on one strand pairs with a specific partner: adenine (A) with thymine (T), and guanine (G) with cytosine (C). It's like the perfect dance between partners, with each move (base) complementing the other to maintain the harmony (stability) of the DNA molecule.

These matches are made possible by hydrogen bonds鈥攔elatively weak attractions that nonetheless securely connect the bases. This precise matching also allows for the genetic code to be accurately copied during replication, as each base on the template strand dictates which base will join the new strand.
Base Pairing Precision
One might wonder how the double helix maintains its uniformity throughout its length. The answer lies in the precision of base pairing. Purines, like adenine and guanine, always pair with pyrimidines, thymine and cytosine, respectively. This size pairing ensures a consistent width across the helix. It's akin to using bricks of the same size and shape for building a wall, keeping it straight and sturdy.

Such precision ensures that the double helix geometry is retained, enabling the strands to intertwine correctly. This regularity allows other proteins and enzymes to interact with DNA in a predictable manner, which is essential for processes like gene expression and the replication of DNA.
Semi-Conservative Replication
The principle of semi-conservative replication maintains the genetic library of life. When a cell divides, each new cell must receive an exact copy of DNA. The Watson-Crick model describes this process in a beautiful choreography where the double helix unwinds, and each strand becomes a template for a new, complementary strand.

In the end, each daughter DNA molecule comprises one original parent strand and one new strand. This replication method is termed 'semi-conservative' because one strand is conserved, or kept, from the original. It cleverly ensures that the genetic information is preserved and passed on with high fidelity from generation to generation.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Write the DNA complement for 5'-TCAACGAT-3'.

Discuss the role of the hydrophobic interactions in stabilizing the following. (a) Double-stranded DNA (b) Lipid bilayers (c) Soap micelles

Draw a structural formula for a nucleoside composed of the following. (a) \(\alpha\)-D-Ribose and adenine (b) \(\beta\)-2-Deoxy-D-ribose and cytosine

Name the type of covalent bond(s) joining monomers in these biopolymers. (a) Polysaccharides (b) Polypeptides (c) Nucleic acids

Write the mRNA complement for \(5^{\prime}\)-TCAACGAT-3'.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.