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Chapter 2: Problem 17

Write the molecular formula of each alkane. (a) CCCC(C(C)C)C(C)C (b) CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C (c) CCCC(CCC)C(C)(C)C

Short Answer

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Question: Determine the molecular formulas for the following alkanes given their simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) notations: (a) CCCC(C(C)C)C(C)C (b) CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C (c) CCCC(CCC)C(C)(C)C Answer: The molecular formulas for the given alkanes are: (a) C8H16 (b) C6H12 (c) C10H20

Step by step solution

01

Identifying carbon and hydrogen atoms in the SMILES notation

In order to determine the molecular formula, first count the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the given SMILES notation for each alkane. Remember that carbon atoms are represented by the letter C and hydrogen atoms are implied, with each carbon making 4 bonds. (a) CCCC(C(C)C)C(C)C C: 8 carbon atoms (just count the Cs) H: (4 bonds per carbon atom - existing bonds)*number of carbon atoms 16 hydrogen atoms (2 + 2+ 2+1+4+1+2+2) (b) CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C C: 6 carbon atoms (just count the Cs) H: (4 bonds per carbon atom - existing bonds)*number of carbon atoms 12 hydrogen atoms (2+3+3+1+3+3) (c) CCCC(CCC)C(C)(C)C C: 10 carbon atoms (just count the Cs) H: (4 bonds per carbon atom - existing bonds)*number of carbon atoms 20 hydrogen atoms (2+2+2+1+2+1+1+3+3+3)
02

Writing the molecular formula for each alkane

Write the molecular formula for each alkane using the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms found in step 1. (a) C8H16 (b) C6H12 (c) C10H20

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For 1,2-dichloroethane: (a) Draw Newman projections for all eclipsed conformations formed by rotation from \(0^{\circ}\) to \(360^{\circ}\) about the carbon-carbon single bond. (b) Which eclipsed conformation (s) has (have) the lowest energy? Which has (have) the highest energy? (c) Which, if any, of these eclipsed conformations are related by reflection?

Calculate the difference in Gibbs free energy in kilojoules per mole between the alternative chair conformations of: (a) trans-4-Methylcyclohexanol (b) cis-Methylcyclohexanol (c) trans-1,4-Dicyanocyclohexane

\(1,2,3,4,5,6-\) Hexachlorocyclohexane shows cis,trans isomerism. At one time a crude mixture of these isomers was sold as an insecticide. The insecticidal properties of the mixture arise from one isomer, known as lindane, which is cis- \(1,2,4,5\)-trans-3,6hexachlorocyclohexane. (a) Draw a structural formula for \(1,2,3,4,5,6\)-hexachlorocyclohexane disregarding, for the moment, the existence of cis,trans isomerism. What is the molecular formula of this compound? (b) Using a planar hexagon representation for the cyclohexane ring, draw a structural Formula for lindane. (c) Draw a chair conformation for lindane, and label which chlorine atoms are axial and which are equatorial. (d) Draw the alternative chair conformation of lindane, and again label which chlorine atoms are axial and which are equatorial. (e) Which of the alternative chair conformations of lindane is more stable? Explain.

Draw line-angle formulas for the three constitutional isomers with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12}\).

Following are the alternative chair conformations for trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane. (a) Estimate the difference in free energy between these two conformations. (b) Given your value in (a), calculate the percent of each chair present in an equilibrium mixture of the two at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).
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