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Chapter 15: Problem 72

What term describes ions in a total ionic equation that do not react?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Spectator ions.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Total Ionic Equation

A total ionic equation involves breaking down all the soluble ionic compounds into their individual ions. It displays all the ions present in the reaction mixture, including those not participating in the chemical reaction.
02

Identifying the Role of Ions

In the total ionic equation, some ions participate in the chemical reaction (reactants) and form new substances (products). Other ions remain unchanged on both sides of the equation.
03

Classifying These Unchanging Ions

The ions that remain unchanged on both sides of a chemical equation are referred to as "spectator ions." They do not participate in the actual chemical reaction, and their main role is to "watch" or "spectate" the reaction occurring between the other ions.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Total Ionic Equation
A total ionic equation is a way of representing chemical reactions where all aqueous ionic compounds dissociate into their individual ions. It allows us to see which ions are floating around in the solution during the reaction. The equation provides a clearer picture of all the substances present.
  • Each soluble ionic compound is expressed as separate ions.
  • It reveals both reactive and non-reactive species.
  • This representation helps to identify the species involved in the reaction process.
In a total ionic equation, you write down every ion separately, not just the compounds they form. This means breaking down all compounds in the aqueous state into ions, leaving solids, liquids, and gases intact. It is an essential tool for seeing all participants in a reaction.
Chemical Reaction
At the heart of a chemical reaction is the transformation of substances. This process involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. During a chemical reaction, reactants are transformed into products through a series of molecular changes.
  • Reactants are the starting materials in a chemical equation.
  • Products are the substances formed by the reaction.
  • A balanced chemical equation has the same number of each type of atom on both sides.
Chemical reactions can involve changes in states of matter, energy exchange, and the formation of new substances. Understanding these reactions is key to exploring chemistry, as they are the processes that drive changes in matter.
Ions
Ions are charged particles that form when atoms gain or lose electrons. They play a critical role in chemical reactions, especially those in aqueous solutions.
  • Cations are ions with a positive charge, formed by losing electrons.
  • Anions are ions with a negative charge, formed by gaining electrons.
  • Ions help conduct electricity in solutions.
In chemical reactions, ions can combine to form new compounds, participate in ionic bonding, or remain as spectator ions that do not change during the process. Their behavior in solutions can determine the course and the outcome of the reaction.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How many milliliters of \(0.100 \mathrm{M}\) potassium hydroxide are required to completely neutralize \(10.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.165 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3} ?\) $$ \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}(a q)+2 \mathrm{KOH}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}(a q)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) $$

Write the following acids in either the ionized or the nonionized form to best represent an aqueous solution: (a) \(\mathrm{HF}(a q)\) (b) \(\operatorname{HBr}(a q)\) (c) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}(a q)\) (d) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}(a q)\)

If \(34.45 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.210 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}\) neutralizes \(50.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of phosphoric acid, what is the molarity of the acid? $$ \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(a q)+3 \mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(a q)+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) $$

Determine the acid and base that were neutralized to produce each of the following salts: (a) sodium fluoride, \(\operatorname{NaF}(a q)\) (b) magnesium iodide, \(\operatorname{MgI}_{2}(a q)\) (c) calcium nitrate, \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)\) (d) lithium carbonate, \(\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(a q)\)

Identify an amphiprotic substance given the following reactions: $$ \begin{array}{l} \mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q) \\ \mathrm{NH}_{2}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \end{array} $$
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