91Ó°ÊÓ

State the number of valence electrons for a lithium atom and a chlorine atom.

State the number of valence electrons for a hydrogen atom and a bromine atom.

State the number of valence electrons for a lithium ion and an chloride ion in an ionic bond.

State the number of valence electrons for a hydrogen atom and a bromine atom in a covalent bond.

Predict whether each of the following is held together by ionic or covalent bonds: (a) aluminum chloride, \(\mathrm{AlCl}_{3}\) (b) water, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (c) sulfur trioxide, \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\) (d) iron(II) sulfate, \(\mathrm{FeSO}_{4}\)

State whether the representative particle in each of the following substances is a formula unit or a molecule: (a) acetic acid, \(\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (b) chlorine dioxide, \(\mathrm{ClO}_{2}\) (c) sodium chlorate, \(\mathrm{NaClO}_{3}\) (d) titanium(IV) oxide, \(\mathrm{TiO}_{2}\)

State whether the representative particle in each of the following substances is a formula unit or a molecule: (a) methanol, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\) (b) cobaltous chloride, \(\mathrm{CoCl}_{2}\) (c) acetone, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{3}\) (d) stannous carbonate, \(\mathrm{SnCO}_{3}\)

State whether the representative particle in each of the following substances is an atom, a formula unit, or a molecule: (a) propane, \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8}\) (b) platinum, \(\mathrm{Pt}\) (c) hematite, \(\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) (d) sulfur, \(S_{8}\)

State whether the representative particle in each of the following substances is an atom, a formula unit, or a molecule: (a) xenon, Xe (b) phosphorus, \(P_{4}\) (c) xenon trioxide, \(\mathrm{XeO}_{3}\) (d) magnetite, \(\mathrm{Fe}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{4}\)

Use the periodic table to predict an ionic charge for each of the following metal ions: (a) Na ion (b) Ba ion (c) Ga ion (d) Sn ion