91Ó°ÊÓ

State the number of valence electrons for a lithium ion and an chloride ion in an ionic bond.

State the number of valence electrons for a hydrogen atom and a bromine atom in a covalent bond.

State whether the representative particle in each of the following substances is an atom, a formula unit, or a molecule: (a) xenon, Xe (b) phosphorus, \(P_{4}\) (c) xenon trioxide, \(\mathrm{XeO}_{3}\) (d) magnetite, \(\mathrm{Fe}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{4}\)

Use the periodic table to predict an ionic charge for each of the following metal ions: (a) Na ion (b) Ba ion (c) Ga ion (d) Sn ion

Which noble gas is isoelectronic with each of the following metal ions? (a) \(\mathrm{Li}^{+}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Al}^{3+}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\)

Which noble gas is isoelectronic with each of the following nonmetal ions? (a) \(\mathrm{Br}^{-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Se}^{2-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{N}^{3-}\)

Which of the following statements are true regarding a covalent bond between carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon monoxide, \(\mathrm{CO},\) molecule? (a) Valence electrons are transferred from carbon to oxygen atoms. (b) Bonding electrons are distributed over the entire \(\mathrm{CO}\) molecule. (c) The bond length is less than the sum of the two atomic radii. (d) Energy is released when a covalent bond is broken.

Write the electron dot formula and draw the structural formula for each of the following polyatomic ions: (a) \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{PO}_{3}^{3-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{HPO}_{3}^{2-}\)

Which of the following elements occur naturally as diatomic molecules: \(\mathrm{He}, \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{I}, \mathrm{Ne} ?\)

Diagram and label the hydrogen bond between two molecules of hydrogen fluoride, HF.