/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 18 What is the general relationship... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 12: Problem 18

What is the general relationship for the boiling point of a liquid and its vapor pressure?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Boiling occurs when vapor pressure equals external pressure; higher vapor pressure results in a lower boiling point.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Boiling Point

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the external pressure. At this point, bubbles of vapor can form within the liquid.
02

Analyzing Vapor Pressure

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature. It increases with temperature as more molecules have sufficient energy to transition to the vapor phase.
03

Establishing the Relationship

At the boiling point, the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure. As the vapor pressure for the liquid increases, the temperature required to reach the boiling point decreases under the same external pressure.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Vapor Pressure
Vapor pressure is a fundamental concept in understanding how liquids transition into gases and eventually reach their boiling point. It essentially represents the pressure exerted by the gas when a liquid and its vapor are in equilibrium within a closed system.
This pressure arises because some molecules from the liquid escape into the air as a vapor. One way to think of it is as the tendency of molecules to leave the liquid and become a gas.
  • The higher the vapor pressure, the more volatile the liquid.
  • Vapor pressure increases with rising temperature because more molecules have enough energy to escape from the liquid.
Understanding vapor pressure helps illustrate why certain liquids boil at lower temperatures. For example, a liquid with a high vapor pressure requires less heat energy to reach the boiling point under a given external pressure.
Role of Temperature
Temperature plays a crucial role in determining when a liquid will boil. The temperature directly affects kinetic energy, which in turn influences vapor pressure.
As the temperature of a liquid increases, the energy of its molecules also increases. This increase allows more molecules to escape into the vapor phase, raising the vapor pressure.
  • When approaching boiling point, there's a rapid increase in vapor pressure due to higher molecular activity.
  • At the boiling point, temperature provides enough energy for the vapor pressure to equalize with external pressure.
As a rule, the higher the temperature, the quicker a liquid can reach its boiling point, provided the external pressure is constant.
Influence of External Pressure
External pressure is the atmospheric or environmental pressure that surrounds the liquid and plays a significant role in determining its boiling point. At the boiling point, the vapor pressure of a liquid matches this external pressure,
which allows the liquid to form bubbles and turn into vapor.
  • At higher altitudes, external pressure is lower, meaning liquids boil at lower temperatures.
  • Conversely, increasing external pressure raises the boiling point.
  • For instance, a pressure cooker decreases cooking time by increasing external pressure and thus raising the boiling point.
Understanding the influence of external pressure is key to manipulating and predicting the boiling behavior of liquids in different environments.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Determine the water of hydration for the following hydrates and write the chemical formula: (a) \(\mathrm{NiCl}_{2} \cdot \mathrm{XH}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is found to contain \(21.7 \%\) water. (b) \(\mathrm{Sr}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2} \cdot \mathrm{XH}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is found to contain \(33.8 \%\) water. (c) \(\mathrm{CrI}_{3} \cdot \mathrm{XH}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is found to contain \(27.2 \%\) water. (d) \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2} \cdot \mathrm{XH}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is found to contain \(30.5 \%\) water.

In general, as the molar mass of Group VIA/16 hydrogen compounds increases, does each of the following increase or decrease? (a) melting point (b) boiling point (c) heat of fusion (d) heat of vaporization

Methanol can be used in automobiles as antifreeze. Calculate the heat required to vaporize \(5.00 \mathrm{~L}\) of the liquid at \(25.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\) (For methanol: density \(=0.792 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL} ;\) specific heat \(=0.610 \mathrm{cal} /\left(\mathrm{g} \times{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right) ; \mathrm{Bp}=65.0{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ; \mathrm{H}_{\text {vapor }}=\) 263 cal \(/\) g. )

Which of the following are observed general properties of liquids? (a) fixed volume (b) mix homogeneously (c) expand significantly (d) less dense than gases

What is the strongest type of intermolecular attraction that exists in each of the following liquids? (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}-\mathrm{Cl}\) (c) HCOOH (d) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}\)
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.