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Chapter 5: Problem 77

For each of the following atomic numbers, use the periodic table to write the formula (including the charge) for the simple ion that the element is most likely to form. a. 36 b. 31 c. 52 d. 81 e. 35 f. 87

Short Answer

Expert verified
a) Kr b) \(Ga^{3+}\) c) \(Te^{2-}\) d) \(Tl^{3+}\) e) \(Br^-\) f) \(Fr^+\)

Step by step solution

01

Locate the elements in the periodic table

Consult a periodic table and locate the elements with the given atomic numbers.
02

Determine the group of the element

Analyze the group (vertical column) of each element to discern the number of valence electrons each possesses and whether it tends to lose or gain electrons to achieve a full shell.
03

Write the formula and charge of the ion formed

Once you understand each element's behavior regarding electron loss or gain, write the ion formula along with its charge.
04

a. Atomic number 36

Element with atomic number 36 is Krypton (Kr), which is a noble gas belonging to Group 18. Noble gases have a stable electron configuration and rarely form ions. Therefore, Krypton would be Kr, with no charge.
05

b. Atomic number 31

Element with atomic number 31 is Gallium (Ga), which belongs to Group 13. Elements from Group 13 tend to lose 3 electrons to achieve a stable configuration. The formed ion will have a charge of +3. Therefore, the Gallium ion formula is Ga^3+.
06

c. Atomic number 52

Element with atomic number 52 is Tellurium (Te), which belongs to Group 16. Elements in Group 16 tend to gain 2 electrons to achieve a stable configuration. The formed ion will have a charge of -2. Therefore, the Tellurium ion formula is Te^2-.
07

d. Atomic number 81

Element with atomic number 81 is Thallium (Tl), which belongs to Group 13. Similar to Gallium, elements in Group 13 tend to lose 3 electrons. The formed ion will have a charge of +3. Therefore, the Thallium ion formula is Tl^3+.
08

e. Atomic number 35

Element with atomic number 35 is Bromine (Br), which belongs to Group 17 (halogens). Halogens tend to gain 1 electron to achieve a stable configuration. The formed ion will have a charge of -1. Therefore, the Bromine ion formula is Br^-.
09

f. Atomic number 87

Element with atomic number 87 is Francium (Fr), which belongs to Group 1 (alkali metals). Alkali metals tend to lose 1 electron to achieve a full outer shell. The formed ion will have a charge of +1. Therefore, the Francium ion formula is Fr^+. Final ion formulas (including the charges) for the given atomic numbers: a) Kr b) Ga^3+ c) Te^2- d) Tl^3+ e) Br^- f) Fr^+

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