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Chapter 4: Problem 91

Is it possible for the same two elements to form more than one compound? Is this consistent with Dalton's atomic theory? Give an example.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Yes, it is possible for the same two elements to form more than one compound, and this is consistent with Dalton's atomic theory. This phenomenon is known as the law of multiple proportions, which states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in a simple whole-number ratio. An example is the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO鈧�) by carbon and oxygen, where CO has a 1:1 atomic ratio and CO鈧� has a 1:2 atomic ratio.

Step by step solution

01

1. Understanding Dalton's Atomic Theory

Dalton's atomic theory is based on a set of postulates which include: - All matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. - Atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties, but they differ from atoms of other elements. - Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed in chemical reactions, only rearranged. - In a chemical reaction, atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds.
02

2. Formation of Multiple Compounds Using the Same Two Elements

It is indeed possible for the same two elements to combine in different whole-number ratios to form more than one compound. This phenomenon is known as the law of multiple proportions, which states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in a simple whole-number ratio. This is consistent with Dalton's atomic theory, which states that atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios. Hence, the same elements can combine in different whole-number ratios to produce different compounds.
03

3. Example: Carbon and Oxygen Forming Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide

Both carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO鈧�) are compounds formed by carbon and oxygen. In carbon monoxide, one atom of carbon combines with one atom of oxygen (1:1 atomic ratio), while in carbon dioxide, one atom of carbon combines with two atoms of oxygen (1:2 atomic ratio). These two compounds have different properties and distinct chemical behaviors, even though they are formed from the same elements, carbon and oxygen. This demonstrates that the same two elements can indeed form multiple compounds, in agreement with both the law of multiple proportions and Dalton's atomic theory.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write the formula for each of the following substances, listing the elements in the order given. a. a molecule containing three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms b. a compound containing two nitrogen atoms for every oxygen atom c. a compound containing half as many barium atoms as iodine atoms d. a compound containing aluminum atoms and also three times as many chlorine atoms as there are aluminum atoms e. a sugar whose molecules contain 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms, and 11 oxygen atoms f. a compound that contains twice as many potassium atoms as carbon atoms, and three times as many oxygen atoms as carbon atoms

Most of the elements are solids at room temperature. Give three examples of elements that are liquids at room temperature, and three examples of elements that are gases at room temperature.

The principal goal of alchemists was to convert cheaper, more common metals into gold. Considering that gold had no particular practical uses (for example, it was too soft to be used for weapons), why do you think early civilizations placed such emphasis on the value of gold?

Are most of the chemical elements found in nature in the elemental form or combined in compounds? Why?

Write the atomic symbol \((^{A}_{z} X)\) for each of the isotopes described below. a. \(Z=6,\) number of neutrons \(=7\). b. the isotope of carbon with a mass number of 13. c. \(Z=6, A=13\) d. \(Z=19, A=44\) e. the isotope of calcium with a mass number of 41 f. the isotope with 19 protons and 16 neutrons
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