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Chapter 5: Problem 1

Name five elements and five compounds that exist as gases at room temperature.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Elements that exist as gases at room temperature are Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, and Helium. Compounds that exist as gases at room temperature are Water Vapor, Carbon dioxide, Ammonia, Methane, and Chlorine gas.

Step by step solution

01

Understand elements and compounds

First, it's important to understand what elements and compounds are. Elements are substances that are made from one type of atom only. They cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Compounds, on the other hand, are substances made from two or more elements chemically combined together.
02

Identify elements that exist as gases at room temperature

Elements that exist as gases at room temperature include Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Fluorine (F) and Helium (He). These are all diatomic elements, meaning they naturally pair up with themselves to form two-atom molecules.
03

Identify compounds that exist as gases at room temperature

Examples of compounds that exist as gases at room temperature are Water Vapor (H2O), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Ammonia (NH3), Methane (CH4) and Chlorine gas (Cl2). These consist of different elements chemically combined together.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Nitroglycerin, an explosive, decomposes according to the equation \(4 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{5}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}(s) \longrightarrow\) $$12 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+10 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)+6 \mathrm{~N}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)$$ Calculate the total volume of gases produced when collected at \(1.2 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) from \(2.6 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{~g}\) of nitroglycerin. What are the partial pressures of the gases under these conditions?

Based on your knowledge of the kinetic theory of gases, derive Graham's law of diffusion [Equation ( 5.17 )]

The apparatus shown in the diagram can be used to measure atomic and molecular speed. Suppose that a beam of metal atoms is directed at a rotating cylinder in a vacuum. A small opening in the cylinder allows the atoms to strike a target area. Because the cylinder is rotating, atoms traveling at different speeds will strike the target at different positions. In time, a layer of the metal will deposit on the target area, and the variation in its thickness is found to correspond to Maxwell's speed distribution. In one experiment it is found that at \(850^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) some bismuth (Bi) atoms struck the target at a point \(2.80 \mathrm{~cm}\) from the spot directly opposite the slit. The diameter of the cylinder is \(15.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) and it is rotating at 130 revolutions per second. (a) Calculate the speed \((\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s})\) at which the target is moving. (Hint: The circumference of a circle is given by \(2 \pi r\), in which \(r\) is the radius.) (b) Calculate the time (in seconds) it takes for the target to travel \(2.80 \mathrm{~cm} .\) (c) Determine the speed of the Bi atoms. Compare your result in (c) with the \(u_{\mathrm{rms}}\) of Bi at \(850^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Comment on the difference.

The boiling point of liquid nitrogen is \(-196^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). On the basis of this information alone, do you think nitrogen is an ideal gas?

A gas-filled balloon having a volume of \(2.50 \mathrm{~L}\) at \(1.2 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is allowed to rise to the stratosphere (about \(30 \mathrm{~km}\) above the surface of Earth), where the temperature and pressure are \(-23^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(3.00 \times 10^{-3}\) atm, respectively. Calculate the final volume of the balloon.
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