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Chapter 20: Problem 39

A concentrated aqueous copper(II) chloride solution is bright green in color. When diluted with water, the solution becomes light blue. Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The color difference in the copper(II) chloride solution before and after dilution is due to changes in the electronic environment of the copper ion. A concentrated solution results in green colour due to lesser d-d transitions, while dilution causes an increase in the d-d transitions and results in a light blue colour.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Compound

Firstly, recognize that copper(II) chloride is a transition metal complex. In aqueous solution, it exists as the complex ion [Cu(H2O)6]2+.
02

Determining the Cause of the Color Change

The color of transition metal complexes is based on the d-d transition of electrons. In a concentrated solution, the water molecules are able to move less freely and hence are less able to contribute to the d-d transitions resulting in the green color. As the number of water molecules increases in relation to copper ions (dilution), the water molecules are more able to contribute to the d-d transitions. This results in greater d-d transitions and the observed colour change to light blue.
03

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the color difference in the copper(II) chloride solution before and after dilution is due to changes in the electronic environment of copper ions in solution. When more water is added, the increased number of water molecules relative to copper ions effects the observed colour change.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Copper is also known to exist in +3 oxidation state, which is believed to be involved in some biological electron transfer reactions. (a) Would you expect this oxidation state of copper to be stable? Explain. (b) Name the compound \(\mathrm{K}_{3} \mathrm{CuF}_{6}\) and predict the geometry of the complex ion and its magnetic properties. (c) Most of the known Cu(III) compounds have square planar geometry. Are these compounds diamagnetic or paramagnetic?

Oxalic acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\), is sometimes used to clean rust stains from sinks and bathtubs. Explain the chemistry underlying this cleaning action.

Define the terms (a) labile complex, (b) inert complex.

Explain these facts: (a) Copper and iron have several oxidation states, whereas zinc exists in only one. (b) Copper and iron form colored ions, whereas zinc does not

Which of these hydrated cations are colorless: \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}(a q), \mathrm{Zn}^{2+}(a q), \mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q), \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(a q), \mathrm{V}^{5+}(a q)\) \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}(a q), \mathrm{Co}^{2+}(a q), \mathrm{Sc}^{3+}(a q), \mathrm{Pb}^{2+}(a q) ?\) Explain your choice.
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