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Chapter 11: Problem 2

What is the difference between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The primary difference between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons resides in their structure, stability, and reactivity. Aliphatic hydrocarbons have an open chain structure, less stable and more reactive. Aromatic hydrocarbons have a ring structure, more stable, and hence less reactive.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting mainly of hydrogen and carbon atoms. There are three types of hydrocarbons, namely: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
02

Defining Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons are open chain (linear or branched) hydrocarbons that can be either saturated (alkanes, which contain single bonds) or unsaturated (alkenes which contain one or more double bonds and alkynes which contain triple bonds between their carbon atoms).
03

Defining Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Aromatic hydrocarbons, or arenes, are hydrocarbons that have a ring structure, typically planar (flat) and follows Huckel's rule (4n+2 pi electrons) which means they display aromatic properties like stability.
04

Differences between Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons

1. Structural difference: Aliphatic hydrocarbons are open chain, while Aromatic hydrocarbons are closed chain (cyclic). 2. Stability: Aromatic hydrocarbons are a lot more stable than Aliphatic hydrocarbons due to resonance (delocalized pi electrons). 3. Reactivity: As a consequence of their stability, aromatic hydrocarbons are less reactive in comparison to aliphatic hydrocarbons.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Name the classes to which these compounds belong: (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{OH}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CHO}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COOH}\) (e) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\)

Alkenes exhibit geometric isomerism because rotation about the \(\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}\) bond is restricted. Explain.

Explain why carbon is able to form so many more compounds than most other elements.

Draw all possible isomers for the molecule \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8}\).

Draw the structures of \(c i s-2\) -butene and trans-2butene. Which of the two compounds would give off more heat on hydrogenation to butane? Explain.
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