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Chapter 11: Problem 13

Draw all possible isomers for the molecule \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
There are three isomers of the molecule \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8}\). The straight chain configuration, the branched configuration, and the double-bond configuration.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying possible configurations

Identify all possible configurations of the molecule. This molecule has four carbon atoms, so they can be arranged in many ways. The simplest configuration is a straight chain of all four carbons. The carbons can also be arranged in a branch, or include a double bond.
02

Draw the straight-chain configuration

The carbon atoms for the straight chain configuration can be drawn in a straight line. The hydrogen atoms can be filled in to make sure each carbon atom has four bonds. This is the first isomer.
03

Draw the branched configuration

The carbon atoms can also be arranged in a branching configuration. To draw this isomer, rearrange three of the carbon atoms in a straight line and place the fourth carbon in the middle as a branch. Fill in the hydrogen atoms to ensure each carbon atom has four bonds. This is the second isomer.
04

Draw the double-bond configuration

For the last isomer, arrange all four carbon atoms in a straight line and put a double bond between two carbon atoms. Then, add the hydrogen atoms to ensure that each carbon atom (except the two with a double bond who share two) has four bonds. This is the third isomer.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Given these data $$\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(g)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \\\\\Delta H^{\circ}=-1411 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \\\2 \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+5 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 4 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \\\\\Delta H^{\circ}=-2599 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \\\\\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \\\\\Delta H^{\circ}=-285.8 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\end{array}$$ calculate the heat of hydrogenation for acetylene: $$\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(g)$$

Amines are Bronsted bases. The unpleasant smell of fish is due to the presence of certain amines. Explain why cooks often add lemon juice to suppress the odor of fish (in addition to enhancing the flavor).

A compound has the empirical formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}\). Upon controlled oxidation, it is converted into a compound of empirical formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O},\) which behaves as a ketone. Draw possible structures for the original compound and the final compound.

Write structures for the compounds shown below: (a) 1-bromo-3-methylbenzene, (b) 1-chloro-2-propylbenzene, (c) 1,2,4,5 -tetramethylbenzene.

Suggest two chemical tests that would help you distinguish between these two compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\)
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