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Chapter 9: Problem 68

Give an example of a strong electrolyte and a nonelectrolyte.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Strong electrolyte: Sodium Chloride (NaCl); Nonelectrolyte: Sucrose (C鈧佲倐H鈧傗倐O鈧佲倎).

Step by step solution

01

Understand Electrolytes

Electrolytes are substances that dissolve in water to produce a solution that conducts electricity. These include strong acids, strong bases, and salts. They dissociate completely into ions in solution.
02

Identify a Strong Electrolyte

A strong electrolyte is a substance that fully dissociates into ions when dissolved in water. A common example is sodium chloride (NaCl). When dissolved in water, it dissociates completely into Na鈦� and Cl鈦� ions.
03

Recognize Nonelectrolytes

Nonelectrolytes are substances that do not dissociate into ions in solution and therefore do not conduct electricity. Most molecular compounds, especially organic compounds without significant ionic character, fall into this category. A typical example is sucrose (table sugar), C鈧佲倐H鈧傗倐O鈧佲倎, which dissolves in water but does not produce any ions.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Strong Electrolytes
Strong electrolytes are substances that, when dissolved in water, dissociate fully into ions. This complete dissociation is crucial for conducting electricity effectively, as the movement of ions allows for the transfer of electrical charge through the solution.

Examples of strong electrolytes include:
  • Salts: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a classic example. It readily dissociates into Na鈦� and Cl鈦� ions in water.
  • Strong Acids: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociates completely into H鈦� and Cl鈦� ions.
  • Strong Bases: Potassium hydroxide (KOH) dissociates into K鈦� and OH鈦� ions.
The key to identifying a strong electrolyte is its ability to produce a large number of free ions in solution, making it a proficient conductor of electricity.
Exploring Nonelectrolytes
Nonelectrolytes are substances that do not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. This means they do not conduct electricity because there are no ions to carry an electric charge within the solution.

Common characteristics of nonelectrolytes include:
  • Typically molecular compounds, such as organic molecules.
  • Lack of ionic character, meaning there are no positive or negative charges formed.
  • Presence in water as intact molecules rather than ions.
A perfect example of a nonelectrolyte is sucrose (C鈧佲倐H鈧傗倐O鈧佲倎), or table sugar. When it dissolves in water, it remains as whole molecules, not ions, and thus does not facilitate electrical conductivity.
The Process of Dissociation
Dissociation is a process by which a compound separates into its constituent ions when dissolved in a solvent, such as water. This process is fundamental to understanding how electrolytes function.

Key points about dissociation:
  • Ion Formation: In strong electrolytes, substances such as NaCl separate into Na鈦� and Cl鈦� ions completely.
  • Conductivity: The more ions that are present in a solution, the better its ability to conduct electricity, as is observed with strong electrolytes.
  • Nonelectrolytes: These substances do not undergo dissociation, hence remain non-conductive.
Understanding dissociation helps in discerning why some substances like strong electrolytes are effective in conducting electricity while others like nonelectrolytes are not. It's a fundamental concept for deciphering the behavior of solutions in chemistry.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Hard candy is prepared by dissolving pure sugar and flavoring in water and heating the solution to boiling. What is the boiling point of a solution produced by adding \(650 \mathrm{~g}\) of cane sugar (molar mass \(342.3 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) ) to \(1.5 \mathrm{~kg}\) of water? (For each mole of nonvolatile solute, the boiling point of \(1 \mathrm{~kg}\) of water is raised \(0.51{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{K} .\) )

A metal alloy contains \(15.8 \%\) nickel \((\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{m}) \%\). What mass of the metal alloy would contain \(36.5 \mathrm{~g}\) of nickel?

Kaochlor, a \(10 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{KCl}\) solution, is an oral electrolyte supplement administered for potassium deficiency. How many milliequivalents of \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) are in a \(30 \mathrm{~mL}\) dose?

How many grams are in 1 Eq of the following ions? How many grams in \(1 \mathrm{mEq}\) ? (a) \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Br}^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) (d) \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\) (e) \(\mathrm{Al}^{3+}\) (f) \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}\)

Classify the following liquid mixtures as heterogeneous or homogeneous. Further classify each homogeneous mixture as a solution or colloid. (a) Orange juice with pulp (b) Apple juice (c) Hand lotion (d) Tea
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