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Chapter 15: Problem 97

Write the sequence of the complementary DNA strand that pairs with each of the following DNA base sequences: (a) TTAGCC (b) AGACAT

Short Answer

Expert verified
The complementary strand for TTAGCC is AATCGG, and for AGACAT is TCTGTA.

Step by step solution

01

Understand DNA Base Pairing Rules

In DNA, base pairing follows specific rules: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
02

Identify the Base Pairing for Each Nucleotide in TTAGCC

For the sequence TTAGCC: - T pairs with A - T pairs with A - A pairs with T - G pairs with C - C pairs with G - C pairs with G
03

Write the Complementary Sequence for TTAGCC

Using the base pairing rules from Step 2, the complementary sequence for TTAGCC is: AATCGG
04

Identify the Base Pairing for Each Nucleotide in AGACAT

For the sequence AGACAT: - A pairs with T - G pairs with C - A pairs with T - C pairs with G - A pairs with T - T pairs with A
05

Write the Complementary Sequence for AGACAT

Using the base pairing rules from Step 4, the complementary sequence for AGACAT is: TCTGTA

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

complementary DNA strand
In DNA, each strand has a complementary strand. The two strands are like mirror images, fitting together perfectly due to base pairing rules. For example, if one strand has the sequence TTAGCC, the complementary strand will have the sequence AATCGG. This is because each base on one strand pairs with a specific base on the other. These pairings are essential for DNA replication and function.
nucleotide pairing
Nucleotide pairing is the basis of DNA structure. DNA's building blocks are nucleotides, and each nucleotide includes a base that can pair with another base. The rules of pairing are simple: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). These pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds, which makes the DNA structure stable. This complementary pairing is crucial for copying DNA during cell division.

For example, seeing sequence AGACAT, a student can determine that:
  • A pairs with T
  • G pairs with C
  • C pairs with G
  • T pairs with A
DNA sequence
A DNA sequence is the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. This sequence carries genetic information that dictates everything from physical traits to metabolic pathways. Reading and understanding DNA sequences is fundamental in genetics.

When addressing the DNA sequence TTAGCC, it鈥檚 clear that
  • T pairs with A
  • C pairs with G
  • A pairs with T
Thus, the complementary sequence is AATCGG. By following the sequencing and pairing rules, scientists and students can decode the information held in DNA.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw all carboxylic acids with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}_{2}\).

Define each type of isomer: (a) constitutional; (b) geometric; (c) optical. Which types of isomers are stereoisomers?

Ethyl formate is added to foods to is added to foods to give them the flavor of rum. How would you synthesize ethyl formate from ethanol, methanol, and any inorganic reagents?

Compound A, composed of \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and \(\mathrm{O},\) is heated in a 1.00-L flask to \(160 .^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) until all of the A has vaporized and displaced the air. The flask is then cooled, and \(2.48 \mathrm{~g}\) of A remains. When \(0.500 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{A}\) burns in \(\mathrm{O}_{2}, 0.409 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) and \(1.00 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) are produced. Compound A is not acidic, but it can be oxidized to compound \(\mathrm{B}\), which is weakly acidic: \(1.000 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{B}\) is neutralized with \(33.9 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.5 \mathrm{M}\) sodium hydroxide. When \(\mathrm{B}\) is heated to \(260^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) it gives off water and forms \(\mathrm{C}\), which, in solution in \(\mathrm{CDCl}_{3}\) (where \(\mathrm{D}\) is deuterium, \({ }^{2} \mathrm{H}\) ), has one peak in its \({ }^{1} \mathrm{H}\) -NMR spectrum. (a) What are the structures of \(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B},\) and \(\mathrm{C} ?\) (b) Compound \(\mathrm{A}\) is a controlled substance because it is metabolized to the weakly acidic "date rape" drug \(\mathrm{GHB}, \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{3} .\) What are the structure and name of \(\mathrm{GHB}\) ?

Compound \(\mathrm{A}\) is branched and optically active and contains \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and \(\mathrm{O} .\) (a) \(\mathrm{A} 0.500-\mathrm{g}\) sample burns in excess \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) to yield \(1.25 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(0.613 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} .\) Determine the empirical formula. (b) When \(0.225 \mathrm{~g}\) of compound A vaporizes at 755 torr and \(97^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) the vapor occupies \(78.0 \mathrm{~mL} .\) Determine the molecular formula. (c) Careful oxidation of the compound yields a ketone. Name and draw compound A, and circle the chiral center.
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