/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 17 The phase diagram for substance ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 12: Problem 17

The phase diagram for substance \(A\) has a solid-liquid line with a positive slope, and that for substance \(\mathrm{B}\) has a solid-liquid line with a negative slope. What macroscopic property can distinguish A from B?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Pressure affects their melting points differently: A increases, B decreases.

Step by step solution

01

- Understanding the Phase Diagram

Review the phase diagrams for substances A and B. The solid-liquid line represents the boundary where the substance transitions from solid to liquid.
02

- Analyzing the Positive Slope

For substance A, a positive slope of the solid-liquid line in the phase diagram indicates that increasing pressure increases the melting point. This means as pressure increases, the solid phase becomes more stable.
03

- Analyzing the Negative Slope

For substance B, a negative slope of the solid-liquid line in the phase diagram indicates that increasing pressure decreases the melting point. This means as pressure increases, the liquid phase becomes more stable.
04

- Identifying the Macroscopic Property

The key property that distinguishes A from B is how pressure affects their melting points. Substance A's melting point increases with pressure, while substance B's melting point decreases with pressure.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Solid-Liquid Equilibrium
In chemistry, phase diagrams are essential tools for understanding the states of matter of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. A significant part of a phase diagram is the solid-liquid equilibrium line, which shows where solid and liquid phases exist together in balance. This line represents the specific conditions where a substance can change from solid to liquid (melting) or from liquid to solid (freezing). By analyzing this line in phase diagrams, you can gain insights into how substances behave under changing conditions.
Pressure Effects on Melting Point
The slope of the solid-liquid line in a phase diagram tells us how pressure affects melting points. For instance, in the phase diagram for substance \(A\), the positive slope signifies that as pressure increases, the melting point also increases. This means that higher pressure makes the solid state more stable, requiring more heat to become liquid. Conversely, for substance \(B\), the negative slope indicates that increasing pressure lowers the melting point, thus making the liquid phase more stable under high pressure.
Phase Transition
A phase transition refers to the transformation from one state of matter to another, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. The phase diagram clearly illustrates these transitions and the conditions under which they occur. The solid-liquid line particularly highlights the transition between solid and liquid states. Understanding this line helps in identifying the exact conditions 鈥� temperature and pressure 鈥� where the substance has equal tendencies to be in solid or liquid form. This macroscopic property is vital for differentiating substances based on their response to pressure during phase transitions.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Why is the heat of fusion \(\left(\Delta H_{\text {lus }}\right)\) of a substance smaller than its heat of vaporization \(\left(\Delta H_{\text {vap }}\right) ?\) (b) Why is the heat of sublimation \(\left(\Delta H_{\text {subl }}\right)\) of a substance greater than its \(\Delta H_{\text {vap }} ?\) (c) At a given temperature and pressure, how does the magnitude of the heat of vaporization of a substance compare with that of its heat of condensation?

Does the strength of the intermolecular forces in a liquid change as the liquid is heated? Explain. Why does a liquid's viscosity decrease with rising temperature?

What is the difference between an amorphous solid and a crystalline solid on the macroscopic and molecular levels? Give an example of each.

For structures consisting of identical atoms, how many atoms are contained in a simple cubic, a body-centered cubic, and a facecentered cubic unit cell? Explain how you obtained the values.

In making computer chips, a 4.00 -kg cylindrical ingot of ultrapure \(n\) -type doped silicon that is 5.20 inches in diameter is sliced into wafers \(1.12 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~m}\) thick. (a) Assuming no waste, how many wafers can be made? (b) What is the mass of a wafer \(\left(d\right.\) of \(\mathrm{Si}=2.34 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} ; V\) of a cylinder \(\left.=\pi r^{2} h\right) ?\) (c) A key step in making p-n junctions for the chip is chemical removal of the oxide layer on the wafer through treatment with gaseous HF. Write a balanced equation for this reaction. (d) If \(0.750 \%\) of the \(\mathrm{Si}\) atoms are removed during the treatment in part (c), how many moles of HF are required per wafer, assuming \(100 \%\) reaction yield?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.