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Problem 15

Draw the Lewis structure with lowest formal charges, and determine the charge of each atom in (a) \(\mathrm{CN}^{-} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{ClO}^{-}\).

Problem 17

Draw a Lewis structure for a resonance form of each ion with the lowest possible formal charges, show the charges, and give oxidation numbers of the atoms: (a) \(\mathrm{BrO}_{3}^{-} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}^{2-}\)

Problem 18

Draw a Lewis structure for a resonance form of each ion with the lowest possible formal charges, show the charges, and give oxidation numbers of the atoms: (a) \(\mathrm{AsO}_{4}^{3-} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{ClO}_{2}^{-}\)

Problem 19

These species do not obey the octet rule. Draw a Lewis structure for each, and state the type of octet-rule exception: (a) \(\mathrm{BH}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{AsF}_{4}^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{SeCl}_{4}\)

Problem 20

These species do not obey the octet rule. Draw a Lewis structure for each, and state the type of octet-rule exception: (a) \(\mathrm{PF}_{6}^{-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}\) (one \(\mathrm{P}-\mathrm{H}\) bond \()\)

Problem 21

These species do not obey the octet rule. Draw a Lewis structure for each, and state the type of octet-rule exception: (a) \(\mathrm{BrF}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{ICl}_{2}^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{BeF}_{2}\)

Problem 22

These species do not obey the octet rule. Draw a Lewis structure for each, and state the type of octet-rule exception: (a) \(\mathrm{O}_{3}^{-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{XeF}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{SbF}_{4}^{-}\)

Problem 24

Despite many attempts, the perbromate ion \(\left(\mathrm{BrO}_{4}^{-}\right)\) was not prepared in the laboratory until about \(1970 .\) (In fact, articles were published explaining theoretically why it could never be prepared!) Draw a Lewis structure for \(\mathrm{BrO}_{4}^{-}\) in which all atoms have lowest formal charges.

Problem 25

Cryolite \(\left(\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{AlF}_{6}\right)\) is an indispensable component in the electrochemical production of aluminum. Draw a Lewis structure for the \(\mathrm{AlF}_{6}^{3-}\) ion.

Problem 34

Determine the electron-group arrangement, molecular shape, and ideal bond angle(s) for each of the following: (a) \(\mathrm{O}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\) (c) \(\mathrm{NF}_{3}\)

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