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Chapter 1: Problem 15

Give the chemical symbol or name for the following elements, as appropriate: (a) helium, (b) platinum, (c) cobalt, (d) \(t\) in, (e) silver, (f) Sb, \((\mathbf{g}) \mathrm{Pb}\), (h) \(\mathrm{Br}\) \(\mathrm{r},(\mathbf{i}) \mathrm{V},(\mathbf{j}) \mathrm{Hg}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) He, (b) Pt, (c) Co, (d) Sn, (e) Ag, (f) Antimony, (g) Lead, (h) Bromine, (i) Vanadium, (j) Mercury.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Each Element

We will identify whether each element name given needs its chemical symbol, or if the chemical symbol given needs to be converted to its element name. This helps us know whether the answer should be a name or a symbol.
02

Element (a) Helium

Helium is a chemical element. The symbol for helium is \( \text{He} \).
03

Element (b) Platinum

Platinum is a chemical element. The symbol for platinum is \( \text{Pt} \).
04

Element (c) Cobalt

Cobalt is a chemical element. The symbol for cobalt is \( \text{Co} \).
05

Element (d) Tin

Tin is a chemical element. The symbol for tin is \( \text{Sn} \).
06

Element (e) Silver

Silver is a chemical element. The symbol for silver is \( \text{Ag} \).
07

Element (f) Sb

The symbol \( \text{Sb} \) stands for the element antimony.
08

Element (g) Pb

The symbol \( \text{Pb} \) stands for the element lead.
09

Element (h) Br

The symbol \( \text{Br} \) stands for the element bromine.
10

Element (i) V

The symbol \( \text{V} \) stands for the element vanadium.
11

Element (j) Hg

The symbol \( \text{Hg} \) stands for the element mercury.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Periodic Table
The periodic table is a vital tool for understanding chemistry. It is a chart that arranges all known chemical elements in a logical order. Elements are sorted by increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons an atom of that element contains. Each row is called a "period," and each column is known as a "group."
  • Periods: These are the horizontal rows in the periodic table. Each period indicates the energy level (or shell number) that the outermost electrons inhabit.
  • Groups: The vertical columns. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
The periodic table not only organizes elements but also predicts their chemical behavior. Understanding this structure helps chemists and students predict how elements might interact with each other in reactions.
Element Names
Element names are often taken from a variety of sources, including Latin, Greek, geographical locations, or even scientists' names. These names are universally recognized in science. Let's look into the origins of some examples from the exercise:
  • Helium (He): Comes from the Greek word 'helios' meaning "sun," as it was first observed in the solar spectrum.
  • Platinum (Pt): Derived from the Spanish word 鈥榩latina,鈥� meaning "little silver."
  • Tin (Sn): Its name originates from the Anglo-Saxon word for the metal. The chemical symbol comes from the Latin "stannum."
These names provide valuable insight into the history of the element's discovery and its properties.
Chemical Elements
Chemical elements are the basic building blocks of matter. Each has a unique number of protons in its nucleus, giving it distinct properties. Many chemical elements can be found naturally in the Earth's crust. Here are a few more details:
  • Antimony (Sb): Known since ancient times, its symbol is from Latin 'stibium.'
  • Lead (Pb): Used for thousands of years, comes from the Latin 'plumbum.'
  • Mercury (Hg): Known as quicksilver, derived from the Greek word 鈥榟ydrargyrum,鈥� meaning "liquid silver."
The vast variety of chemical elements allow them to form a wide array of compounds. Understanding these elements is crucial for studying reactions and the composition of different substances.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In 2009 , a team from Northwestern University and Western Washington University reported the preparation of a new "spongy" material composed of nickel, molybdenum, and sulfur that excels at removing mercury from water. The density of this new material is \(0.20 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\), and its surface area is \(1242 \mathrm{~m}^{2}\) per gram of material. (a) Calculate the volume of a 10.0-mg sample of this material. (b) Calculate the surface area for a 10.0 -mg sample of this material. (c) A 10.0-mL sample of contaminated water had \(7.748 \mathrm{mg}\) of mercury in it. After treatment with \(10.0 \mathrm{mg}\) of the new spongy material, \(0.001 \mathrm{mg}\) of mercury remained in the contaminated water. What percentage of the mercury was removed from the water? (d) What is the final mass of the spongy material after the exposure to mercury?

Carry out the following operations and express the answers with the appropriate number of significant numbers. (a) \(43.029+0.02348\) (b) \(952.72-73.4201\) (c) \(\left(2.93 \times 10^{3}\right)(0.732)\) (d) \(0.06324 / 0.624\)

Two positively charged particles are first brought close together and then released. Once released, the repulsion between particles causes them to move away from each other. (a) This is an example of potential energy being converted into what form of energy? (b) Does the potential energy of the two particles prior to release increase or decrease as the distance between them is increased.

(a) A baseball weighs \(145.4 \mathrm{~g}\). What is the kinetic energy, in joules, of this baseball when it is thrown by a major league pitcher at \(150 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h} ?(\mathbf{b})\) By what factor will the kinetic energy change if the speed of the baseball is decreased to \(90 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h} ?\) (c) What happens to the kinetic energy when the baseball is caught by the catcher? Is it converted mostly to heat or to some form of potential energy?

(a) A sample of tetrachloroethylene, a liquid used in dry cleaning that is being phased out because of its potential to cause cancer, has a mass of \(40.55 \mathrm{~g}\) and a volume of \(25.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What is its density at this temperature? Will tetrachloroethylene float on water? (Materials that are less dense than water will float.) (b) Carbon dioxide \(\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)\) is a gas at room temperature and pressure. However, carbon dioxide can be put under pressure to become a "supercritical fluid" that is a much safer dry-cleaning agent than tetrachloroethylene. At a certain pressure, the density of supercritical \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) is \(0.469 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} .\) What is the mass of a 25.0-mL sample of supercritical \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) at this pressure?
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