/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 59 Which of the following objects i... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 24: Problem 59

Which of the following objects is chiral? (a) a left shoe, (b) a slice of bread, (c) a wood screw, (d) a molecular model of \(\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{en}) \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\), (e) a typical golf club.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The chiral objects among the given options are: (a) a left shoe, (c) a wood screw, (d) a molecular model of \(\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{en})\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\), and (e) a typical golf club.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze Each Object

Let's analyze each object one by one and determine whether it is chiral or not. (a) A left shoe: A left shoe is not symmetric and will have a non-superposable mirror image (a right shoe). So, a left shoe is chiral. (b) A slice of bread: A slice of bread has approximate mirror symmetry when viewed from the front side. Therefore, it's not chiral. (c) A wood screw: A wood screw has one side that spirals upwards, which will not align with its mirror image, making it chiral. (d) A molecular model of \(\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{en})\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\): The molecule has a central zinc atom bonded to two chlorine atoms and two ethylenediamine ligands. The ligands create an asymmetric environment around the zinc atom, resulting in a non-superposable mirror image. Thus, this molecule is chiral. (e) A typical golf club: A typical golf club consists of a head, a shaft, and a grip. There is a side with the clubface and a side without. Thus, its mirror image is not superimposable, making it chiral.
02

Answer the Exercise

After analyzing each object, we can now answer the question: (a) A left shoe: Chiral (b) A slice of bread: Not Chiral (c) A wood screw: Chiral (d) A molecular model of \(\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{en})\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\): Chiral (e) A typical golf club: Chiral

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Symmetry
Symmetry is a key factor in determining whether an object is chiral or not. An object is said to be symmetric if one side is an exact mirror image of the other. For example, a slice of bread typically has symmetry along its vertical axis, which means both halves look identical when mirrored. This symmetry implies that the object is not chiral: it can be superimposed on its mirror image. In contrast, objects like a left shoe lack such symmetry. Since a left shoe can't perfectly match the shape of a right shoe upon mirroring, it's considered chiral. Symmetry, therefore, plays an essential role in understanding chiral versus achiral objects, helping us identify if the object's mirror image is superimposable or not.
Molecular Models
Molecular models help visualize the structure of compounds, highlighting aspects like bonding and spatial arrangement, critical in understanding chirality. Take, for instance, a molecular model of \(\mathrm{Zn}(鈥峬athrm{en})\mathrm{Cl}_2\). This model displays zinc at the center surrounded by chloride ions and ethylenediamine ligands. The asymmetry introduced by the ligands prevents the molecule from being superimposed onto its mirror image, showcasing its chiral nature.
Molecular models aid significantly in organic chemistry for illustrating how molecules rotate and project in three dimensions. They are valuable tools for students to gain deeper insight into molecular shapes and how certain configurations give rise to chirality, affecting even properties like the way these molecules interact with polarized light.
Chiral Molecules
Chiral molecules are important in various scientific fields because they have non-superimposable mirror images, much like left and right hands, hence the term 'chiral' from Greek 'kheir' meaning hand. These molecules differ in orientation, which can significantly impact their chemical behavior. A classic example is found in pharmaceuticals, where the chirality of a drug molecule can determine its efficacy or toxicity.
The mundane world also intersects with chirality. For instance, a typical wood screw, while not a molecule, is chiral because it cannot be aligned with its mirror image due to its spiral structure. Recognizing chiral molecules and structures involves a keen understanding of spatial arrangement, making this concept vital in chemistry and beyond.
Mirror Image
Understanding the concept of a mirror image is essential in grasping chirality. A mirror image refers to the reflection of an object, much like what you see when you hold an item up to a mirror. For chiral objects, these mirror images are non-superimposable, meaning they cannot be placed on top of each other to give the same object.
Consider a golf club: when you look at its reflection, it looks the same only if the image is flipped back, indicating it is chiral. Similarly, in molecular chemistry, the difference in the spatial arrangement of atoms makes chiral molecules unable to line up with their mirrors. This property is pivotal as it can define how molecules interact with biological systems or how they function in a chemical reaction.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

One of the more famous species in coordination chemistry is the Creutz-Taube complex, It is named for the two scientists who discovered it and initially studied its properties. The central ligand is pyrazine, a planar six-membered ring with nitrogens at opposite sides. (a) How can you account for the fact that the complex, which has only neutral ligands, has an odd overall charge? (b) The metal is in a low-spin configuration in both cases. Assuming octahedral coordination, draw the \(d\) -orbital energy-level diagram for each metal. (c) In many experiments the two metal ions appear to be in exactly equivalent states. Can you think of a reason that this might appear to be so, recognizing that electrons move very rapidly compared to nuclei?

Give the number of \(d\) electrons associated with the central metal ion in each of the following complexes: (a) \(\mathrm{K}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]\), (b) \(\left[\mathrm{Mn}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}\right]\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Na}\left[\mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}\right]\) (d) \(\left[\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Br}_{2}\right] \mathrm{ClO}_{4},(\mathrm{e})[\mathrm{Sr}(\mathrm{EDTA})]^{2-}\)

Which of the following complexes are chiral? Explain. [Section 24.4]

The \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}\right]^{2+}\) ion has an absorption maximum at about \(725 \mathrm{~nm}\), whereas the \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{6}\right]^{2+}\) ion absorbs at about \(570 \mathrm{~nm}\). Predict the color of each ion. (b) The \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{en})_{3}\right]^{2+}\) ion absorption maximum occurs at about \(545 \mathrm{~nm}\), and that of the \(\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{bipy})_{3}\right]^{2+}\) ion occurs at about \(520 \mathrm{~nm}\). From these data, indicate the relative strengths of the ligand fields created by the four ligands involved.

The \(E^{\circ}\) values for two iron complexes in acidic solution are as follows: $$ \begin{aligned} \left[\mathrm{Fe}(o-p h e n)_{3}\right]^{3+}(a q)+\mathrm{e}^{-} & \rightleftharpoons\left[\mathrm{Fe}(o-p h e n)_{3}\right]^{2+}(a q) & E^{\circ}=1.12 \mathrm{~V} \\ \left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]^{3-}(a q)+\mathrm{e}^{-} & \rightleftharpoons\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}\right]^{4-}(a q) & E^{\circ}=0.36 \mathrm{~V} \end{aligned} $$ (a) What do the relative \(E^{\circ}\) values tell about the relative stabilities of the \(\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{II})\) and \(\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{III})\) complexes in each case? (b) Account for the more positive \(E^{\circ}\) value for the (o-phen) complex. Both of the Fe(II) complexes are low spin. (Hint: consider the charges carried by the ligands in the two cases.)
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.