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Chapter 2: Problem 74

Assume that you encounter the following sentences in your reading. What is the chemical formula for each substance mentioned? (a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as a deodorant. (b) Calcium hypochlorite is used in some bleaching solutions. (c) Hydrogen cyanide is a very poisonous gas. (d) Magnesium hydroxide is used as a cathartic. (e) Tin(II) fluoride has been used as a fluoride additive in toothpastes. (f) When cadmium sulfide is treated with sulfuric acid, fumes of hydrogen sulfide are given off.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The chemical formulas for the given substances are: (a) NaHCO鈧�, (b) Ca(ClO)鈧�, (c) HCN, (d) Mg(OH)鈧�, (e) SnF鈧�, and (f) CdS.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate

To find the chemical formula for sodium hydrogen carbonate, first identify the symbols for each element mentioned: sodium (Na), hydrogen (H), and carbonate (CO鈧�). Then, identify the charges for each ion. Sodium has a charge of 1+, hydrogen 1+, and carbonate 2-. Combine the ions to create a neutral compound, resulting in the formula NaHCO鈧�.
02

(b) Calcium hypochlorite

To find the chemical formula for calcium hypochlorite, first identify the symbols for each element mentioned: calcium (Ca) and hypochlorite (ClO). Calcium has a charge of 2+, and hypochlorite has a charge of 1-. Combine the ions to create a neutral compound, resulting in the formula Ca(ClO)鈧�.
03

(c) Hydrogen cyanide

To find the chemical formula for hydrogen cyanide, first identify the symbols for each element mentioned: hydrogen (H) and cyanide (CN). Hydrogen has a charge of 1+, and cyanide has a charge of 1-. Combine the ions to create a neutral compound, resulting in the formula HCN.
04

(d) Magnesium hydroxide

To find the chemical formula for magnesium hydroxide, first identify the symbols for each element mentioned: magnesium (Mg) and hydroxide (OH). Magnesium has a charge of 2+, and hydroxide has a charge of 1-. Combine the ions to create a neutral compound, resulting in the formula Mg(OH)鈧�.
05

(e) Tin(II) fluoride

To find the chemical formula for tin(II) fluoride, first identify the symbols for each element mentioned: tin (Sn) and fluoride (F). The roman numeral II indicates that tin has a charge of 2+. Fluoride has a charge of 1-. Combine the ions to create a neutral compound, resulting in the formula SnF鈧�.
06

(f) Cadmium sulfide

To find the chemical formula for cadmium sulfide, first identify the symbols for each element mentioned: cadmium (Cd) and sulfur (S). Cadmium has a charge of 2+, and sulfur has a charge of 2-. Combine the ions to create a neutral compound, resulting in the formula CdS.

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