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Chapter 2: Problem 71

Give the name or chemical formula, as appropriate, for each of the following binary molecular substances: (a) \(\mathrm{SF}_{6}\), \((\mathrm{b}) \mathrm{IF}_{5}\), (c) \(\mathrm{XeO}_{3}\), (d) dinitrogen tetroxide, (e) hydrogen cyanide, (f) tetraphosphorus hexasulfide.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Sulfur hexafluoride, (b) Iodine pentafluoride, (c) Xenon trioxide, (d) \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{4}\), (e) \(\mathrm{HCN}\), (f) \(\mathrm{P}_{4}\mathrm{S}_{6}\)

Step by step solution

01

(a) Name of \(\mathrm{SF}_{6}\)

Here, we have two elements: Sulfur (S) and Fluorine (F). Since there are six Fluorine atoms, we'll use the prefix "hexa-" for Fluorine. The name of the compound becomes Sulfur hexafluoride.
02

(b) Name of \(\mathrm{IF}_{5}\)

In this case, we have Iodine (I) and Fluorine (F). Since there are five Fluorine atoms, we'll use the prefix "penta-" for Fluorine. The name of the compound is Iodine pentafluoride.
03

(c) Name of \(\mathrm{XeO}_{3}\)

Here, we have Xenon (Xe) and Oxygen (O). With three Oxygen atoms, we'll use the prefix "tri-" for Oxygen. The compound's name is Xenon trioxide.
04

(d) Chemical formula for dinitrogen tetroxide

In this case, the name reveals the elements and their respective prefixes: - "Di-" refers to two Nitrogen (N) atoms - "Tetra-" refers to four Oxygen (O) atoms The chemical formula is \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{4}\).
05

(e) Chemical formula for hydrogen cyanide

Here, the name tells us the elements involved: - Hydrogen (H) - Cyanide, which is a polyatomic ion containing one Carbon (C) and one Nitrogen (N) atom So, the chemical formula for hydrogen cyanide is \(\mathrm{HCN}\).
06

(f) Chemical formula for tetraphosphorus hexasulfide

In this example, the name reveals the elements and their corresponding prefixes: - "Tetra-" refers to four Phosphorus (P) atoms - "Hexa-" refers to six Sulfur (S) atoms The chemical formula is \(\mathrm{P}_{4}\mathrm{S}_{6}\).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Binary Molecular Compounds
Binary molecular compounds are composed of two nonmetal elements joined together by covalent bonds, which involve the sharing of electrons. It's like a friendship between atoms sharing their resources. The elements come together to create a stable molecule with distinct physical and chemical properties. A well-known example is carbon dioxide, where carbon and oxygen share electrons to form the compound ( CO_2 ).
Chemical Formulas
Chemical formulas are essential for communicating what a compound contains. Think of them as a recipe that describes the exact proportions of ingredients in a compound. Each element is represented by its chemical symbol, like C for carbon, and numbers are used to show how many atoms of each type are in the compound. The subscripts, those little numbers at the bottom like in 102222 ( H_2O), tell you there are two hydrogen atoms for every one oxygen atom in water.
Prefixes in Chemistry
In chemistry, prefixes are like clues telling us how many of each atom are in a compound. They come from the Greek language and make it possible to describe the composition without confusion. For example, 鈥榤ono-鈥� means one, 鈥榙i-鈥� means two, 鈥榯ri-鈥� is three, and so on. When naming compounds like dinitrogen tetroxide, we understand from the prefix 鈥榙i-鈥� that there are two nitrogen atoms and from 鈥榯etra-鈥� that there are four oxygen atoms. With these little hints, anyone can crack the code of a chemical compound's makeup.
Molecular Substances
Molecular substances consist of molecules bound together by covalent bonds. These molecules are often seen huddling together in a specific structure, forming a variety of substances from gases, like oxygen ( O_2), to liquids such as water ( H_2O), to solid substances like sugar ( C_12H_22O_11). They're like teams of atoms working together, each team with a unique arrangement that determines the substance's properties and behavior.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The first atoms of seaborgium (Sg) were identified in 1974 . The longest-lived isotope of \(S g\) has a mass number of 266. (a) How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in an \({ }^{266} \mathrm{Sg}\) atom? (b) Atoms of \(\mathrm{Sg}\) are very unstable, and it is therefore difficult to study this element's properties. Based on the position of \(S g\) in the periodic table, what element should it most closely resemble in its chemical properties?

Suppose a scientist repeats the Millikan oil-drop experiment, but reports the charges on the drops using an unusual (and imaginary) unit called the warmomb (wa). He obtains the following data for four of the drops: $$ \begin{array}{cc} \hline \text { Droplet } & \text { Calculated Charge (wa) } \\ \hline \mathrm{A} & 3.84 \times 10^{-8} \\ \mathrm{~B} & 4.80 \times 10^{-8} \\ \mathrm{C} & 2.88 \times 10^{-8} \\ \mathrm{D} & 8.64 \times 10^{-8} \end{array} $$ (a) If all the droplets were the same size, which would fall most slowly through the apparatus? (b) From these data, what is the best choice for the charge of the electron in warmombs? (c) Based on your answer to part (b), how many electrons are there on each of the droplets? (d) What is the conversion factor between warmombs and coulombs?

Rubidium has two naturally occurring isotopes, rubidium- 85 (atomic mass \(=84.9118\) amu; abundance \(=72.15 \%\) ) and rubidium-87 (atomic mass \(=86.9092\) amu; abundance \(=27.85 \%\) ). Calculate the atomic weight of rubidium.

Use Coulomb's law, \(F=k Q_{1} Q_{2} / d^{2}\), to calculate the electric force on an electron \(\left(Q=-1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\right)\) exerted by a single proton if the particles are \(0.53 \times 10^{-10} \mathrm{~m}\) apart. The constant \(k\) in Coulomb's law is \(9.0 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{C}^{2}\). (The unit abbreviated \(\mathrm{N}\) is the Newton, the SI unit of force.)

Give the names and charges of the cation and anion in each of the following compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{CaO}\), (b) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (c) \(\mathrm{KClO}_{4},(\mathrm{~d}) \mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2},(\mathrm{e}) \mathrm{Cr}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}\)
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