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Chapter 2: Problem 61

Give the chemical formula for (a) chlorite ion, (b) chloride ion, (c) chlorate ion, (d) perchlorate ion, (e) hypochlorite ion.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) ClO鈧傗伝, (b) Cl鈦�, (c) ClO鈧冣伝, (d) ClO鈧勨伝, (e) ClO鈦�

Step by step solution

01

(a) Chlorite Ion

To write the chemical formula for the chlorite ion, first recognize that it is an oxyanion of chlorine. The suffix "-ite" tells us that it has a lower oxidation state than the "-ate" ion. In this case, the chlorite ion has a -1 charge while the chlorate has a -1 charge as well. The oxidation number of chlorine in the chlorite ion is +3. The chemical formula of the chlorite ion is: ClO鈧傗伝.
02

(b) Chloride Ion

The chloride ion is simply a chlorine atom that has gained one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration. As a result, it carries a -1 charge. The chemical formula for the chloride ion is: Cl鈦�.
03

(c) Chlorate Ion

The chlorate ion is an oxyanion of chlorine with the ending "-ate," indicating a higher oxidation state than the chlorite ion. The oxidation number of chlorine in the chlorate ion is +5. The chemical formula for the chlorate ion is: ClO鈧冣伝.
04

(d) Perchlorate Ion

The perchlorate ion is also an oxyanion of chlorine, but the prefix "per-" indicates it has the highest oxidation state among oxyanions of the same element. The oxidation number of chlorine in the perchlorate ion is +7. The chemical formula for the perchlorate ion is: ClO鈧勨伝.
05

(e) Hypochlorite Ion

The hypochlorite ion is another oxyanion of chlorine. The prefix "hypo-" indicates it has the lowest oxidation state among oxyanions of the same element. The oxidation number of chlorine in the hypochlorite ion is +1. The chemical formula for the hypochlorite ion is: ClO鈦�.

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