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Chapter 24: Problem 82

How many structural isomers are there for a five-member straight carbon chain with one double bond? For a six-member straight carbon chain with two double bonds?

Short Answer

Expert verified
There are 4 structural isomers for a five-member straight carbon chain with one double bond, and 5 structural isomers for a six-member straight carbon chain with two double bonds.

Step by step solution

01

For a five-member carbon chain with one double bond, the molecular formula is C5H10. Now, let's identify the possible locations of the double bond in the carbon chain. #Step 2: Locate the double bond#

We have five carbon atoms in the chain, and the double bond will need two consecutive carbon atoms to form. We can form the double bond by placing it between: 1. The first and second carbon atoms. 2. The second and third carbon atoms. 3. The third and fourth carbon atoms. 4. The fourth and fifth carbon atoms. There are four possible locations for the double bond, so we have four structural isomers for this case. #Step 3: Six-member carbon chain with two double bonds#
02

For a six-member carbon chain with two double bonds, the molecular formula is C6H10. Now, let's identify the possible locations of the double bonds in the carbon chain. #Step 4: Locate the first double bond#

Similar to the previous case, we can form the first double bond by placing it between: 1. The first and second carbon atoms. 2. The second and third carbon atoms. 3. The third and fourth carbon atoms. 4. The fourth and fifth carbon atoms. 5. The fifth and sixth carbon atoms. #Step 5: Locate the second double bond for each case#
03

There are five possible locations for the first double bond. Now, let's find the number of possible second double bonds for each case: 1. If the first double bond is between carbon atoms 1 and 2, we can form the second double bond between carbon atoms 3 and 4, or between carbon atoms 4 and 5. 2. If the first double bond is between carbon atoms 2 and 3, we can form the second double bond between carbon atoms 4 and 5 or between carbon atoms 5 and 6. 3. If the first double bond is between carbon atoms 3 and 4, we can form the second double bond between carbon atoms 5 and 6. #Step 6: Count the total isomers for the six-member carbon chain#

Now, we just need to sum up the number of isomers for each case: - Case 1: 2 isomers. - Case 2: 2 isomers. - Case 3: 1 isomer. Total number of isomers for a six-member carbon chain with two double bonds is 2 + 2 + 1 = 5 isomers. So, there are 4 structural isomers for a five-member carbon chain with one double bond and 5 structural isomers for a six-member carbon chain with two double bonds.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The protein ribonuclease \(A\) in its native, or most stable, form is folded into a compact globular shape: (a) Does the native form have a lower or higher free energy than the denatured form, in which the protein is an extended chain? (b) What is the sign of the system's entropy change in going from the denatured to the folded form? (c) In the native form, the molecule has four \(-\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{S}-\) bonds that bridge parts of the chain. What effect do you predict these four linkages to have on the free energy and entropy of the native form relative to the free energy and entropy of a hypothetical folded structure that does not have any \(-\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{S}-\) linkages? Explain. (d) A gentle reducing agent converts the four \(-\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{S}-\) linkages in ribonuclease \(\mathrm{A}\) to eight \(-\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{H}\) bonds. What effect do you predict this conversion to have on the tertiary structure and entropy of the protein? (e) Which amino acid must be present for \(-\mathrm{SH}\) bonds to exist in ribonuclease A?

Draw each molecule given its name and the following information. (a) Nitroglycerin, also known as \(1,2,3\) -trinitroxypropane, the active ingredient in dynamite and a medication administered to people having a heart attack, (Hint: The nitroxy group is the conjugate base of nitric acid.) (b) Putrescine, also known as \(1,4\) -diamino-butane, the compound responsible for the odor of putre-fying fish, ( c) Cyclohexanone, the precursor to Nylon, (a) \(1,1,2,2\) -tetrafluoroethene, the precursor to Teflon, (e) Oleic acid, also known as cis-9-octanedecenoic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid found in many fats and oils.Draw the correct isomer.

Is 3 -chloro-3-methylhexane chiral?

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) Two geometric isomers of pentane are \(n\)-pentane and neopentane. (b) Alkenes can have cis and trans isomers around the CC double bond. (c) Alkynes can have cis and trans isomers around the CC triple bond.

For each of the following hydrocarbons, state how many carbon atoms are in each molecule: \begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) methane }} \\ {\text { (b) decane }} \\ {\text { (c) } 2 \text { -methylhexane }} \\ {\text { (d) neopentane }} \\ {\text { (e) acetylene }}\end{array}\end{equation}
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