/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 49 Carry out the following operatio... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Carry out the following operations and express the answers with the appropriate number of significant figures. $$ \begin{array}{ll}{\text { (a) } 14.3505+2.65} & {\text { (b) } 952.7-140.7389} \\\ {\text { (c) }\left(3.29 \times 10^{4}\right)(0.2501)} & {\text { (d) } 0.0588 / 0.677}\end{array} $$

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \(16.00\) (b) \(812.0\) (c) \(8.22 \times 10^{4}\) (d) \(0.0869\)

Step by step solution

01

(a) Addition

First, add the given numbers: \(14.3505 + 2.65 = 16.0005\) The least number of decimal places in the problem is 2 (2.65). Therefore, the answer must have two decimal places as well. The final answer should be rounded to two decimal places: \(16.0005 \approx 16.00\)
02

(b) Subtraction

Subtract the given numbers: \(952.7 - 140.7389 = 811.9611\) The least number of decimal places in the problem is 1 (952.7). Therefore, the answer must have one decimal place as well. The final answer should be rounded to one decimal place: \(811.9611 \approx 812.0\)
03

(c) Multiplication

Multiply the given numbers: \((3.29 \times 10^{4})(0.2501) = 82229.0\) The least number of significant figures in the problem is 3 (3.29). Therefore, the answer must have three significant figures as well. The final answer should be rounded to three significant figures: \(82229.0 \approx 8.22 \times 10^{4}\)
04

(d) Division

Divide the given numbers: \(0.0588 / 0.677 = 0.086838399\) The least number of significant figures in the problem is 3 (0.0588). Therefore, the answer must have three significant figures as well. The final answer should be rounded to three significant figures: \(0.086838399 \approx 0.0869\)

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Addition and Significant Figures
When performing addition, it's crucial to keep track of decimal places, as they determine how precise your answer can be. Each number in an addition operation may have a different number of decimal places. The result of the addition should match the smallest number of decimal places among the numbers being added.

For example, when we add 14.3505 and 2.65, 2.65 has two decimal places while 14.3505 has four. We must, therefore, round our final answer to two decimal places to align with 2.65. This ensures that the level of precision of the numbers is respected in your answer.

By applying this rule, we get:
  • Initial sum: 16.0005
  • Rounded result: 16.00
This rule helps prevent mistakes that could arise from assuming more precision than the numbers inherently have.
Subtraction and Decimal Places
Much like addition, subtraction requires attention to decimal places to retain the correct level of precision in the answer. Again, you must find the number in the problem that has the least number of decimal places. Your subtraction result should be rounded to this level.

In the example of subtracting 140.7389 from 952.7, the number 952.7 guides the formatting of the final result since it only has one decimal place. After carrying out the subtraction, we ensure the final answer has just one decimal place.

Let's see how it looks in practice:
  • Initial difference: 811.9611
  • Rounded result: 812.0
This practice avoids overestimating how precisely you know the answer.
Multiplication and Significant Figures
When multiplying numbers, the rule of significant figures takes the lead over decimal places. The result of a multiplication should contain the same number of significant figures as the number with the least significant figures in the operation.

Take the multiplication of (3.29 脳 10鈦) by 0.2501. The number 3.29 has the fewest significant figures, that is, three. Therefore, our result must also be expressed in three significant figures.

In this case, the calculation gives:
  • Initial product: 82229.0
  • Rounded result: 8.22 脳 10鈦
Following significant figure rules ensures the accuracy of your result reflects the precision of your measurements or calculations.
Division and Significant Figures
In division, as with multiplication, significant figures dictate how you should present your final answer. Your result should match the number with the fewest significant figures in the original problem.

For instance, divide 0.0588 by 0.677. Here, 0.0588, having three significant figures, determines the precision of our answer. Therefore, the quotient should also be reported with three significant figures.

Here's how it unfolds:
  • Initial quotient: 0.086838399
  • Rounded result: 0.0869
This approach respects the inherent uncertainty in your calculations, delivering a result that remains consistent with the precision of the input values.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

For each of the following processes, does the potential energy of the object(s) increase or decrease? (a) The distance between two oppositely charged particles is increased. (b) Water is pumped from ground level to the reservoir of a water tower 30 \(\mathrm{m}\) above the ground. (c) The bond in a chlorine molecule, \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2},\) is broken to form two chlorine atoms.

(a) A sample of tetrachloroethylene, a liquid used in dry cleaning that is being phased out because of its potential to cause cancer, has a mass of 40.55 \(\mathrm{g}\) and a volume of 25.0 \(\mathrm{mL}\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . What is its density at this temperature? Will tetrachloroethylene float on water? (Materials that are less dense than water will float.) (b) Carbon dioxide \(\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)\) is a gas at room temperature and pressure. However, carbon dioxide can be put under pressure to become a usupercritical fluid" that is a much safer dry-cleaning agent than tetrachlorosthvlene, At a certain pressure, the density of super critical \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) is 0.469 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} .\) What is the mass of a 25.0 \(\mathrm{-mL}\) sample of supercritical \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) at this pressure?

Musical instruments like trumpets and trombones are made from an alloy called brass. Brass is composed of copper and zinc atoms and appears homogeneous under an optical mi-croscope. The approximate composition of most brass objects is a \(2 : 1\) ratio of copper to zinc atoms, but the exact ratio varies somewhat from one piece of brass to another.(a) Would you classify brass as an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture? (b) Would it be correct to say that brass is a solution? [ Section 1.2\(]\)

A package of aluminum foil contains 50 \(\mathrm{ft}^{2}\) of foil, which weighs approximately 8.0 oz. Aluminum has a density of 2.70 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3} .\) What is the approximate thickness of the foil in millimeters?

In \(2009,\) a team from Northwestern University and Western Washington University reported the preparation of a new "spongy" material composed of nickel, molybdenum, and sulfur that excels at removing mercury from water. The density of this new material is 0.20 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) , and its surface area is 1242 \(\mathrm{m}^{2}\) per gram of material. (a) Calculate the volume of a 10.0 -mg sample of this material. (b) Calculate the surface area for a 10.0 -mg sample of this material. (c) A 10.0 -mL sample of contaminated water had 7.748 mg of mercury in it. After treatment with 10.0 \(\mathrm{mg}\) of the new spongy material, 0.001 \(\mathrm{mg}\) of mercury remained in the contaminated water. What percentage of the mercury was removed from the water? (d) What is the final mass of the spongy material after the exposure to mercury?

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.