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Chapter 4: Problem 40

Write the balanced molecular and net ionic equations for each of the following neutralization reactions: (a) Aqueous acetic acid is neutralized by aqueous barium hydroxide. (b) Solid chromium(III) hydroxide reacts with nitrous acid. (c) Aqueous nitric acid and aqueous ammonia react.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Balanced molecular equation: \(HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2}(aq) + Ba(OH)_{2}(aq) \rightarrow H_{2}O(l) + Ba(C_{2}H_{3}O_{2})_{2}(aq) \) Balanced net ionic equation: \(H^{+}(aq) + OH^{-}(aq) \rightarrow H_{2}O(l)\) (b) Balanced molecular equation: \(Cr(OH)_{3}(s) + 3HNO_{2}(aq) \rightarrow 3H_{2}O(l) + Cr(NO_{2})_{3}(aq) \) Balanced net ionic equation: \(Cr(OH)_{3}(s) + 3H^{+}(aq) \rightarrow 3H_{2}O(l) + Cr^{3+}(aq)\) (c) Balanced molecular equation: \(HNO_{3}(aq) + NH_{3}(aq) \rightarrow H_{2}O(l) + NH_{4}NO_{3}(aq) \) Balanced net ionic equation: \(H^{+}(aq) + NH_{3}(aq) \rightarrow H_{2}O(l) + NH_{4}^{+}(aq)\)

Step by step solution

01

Identify reactants and predict products

The reactants are aqueous acetic acid (HC鈧侶鈧僌鈧�) and aqueous barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)鈧�). Since it's a neutralization reaction, the products will be water (H鈧侽) and a salt, in this case, barium acetate (Ba(C鈧侶鈧僌鈧�)鈧�).
02

Write the balanced molecular equation

Balance the equation by making sure the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides: \(HC_{2}H_{3}O_{2}(aq) + Ba(OH)_{2}(aq) \rightarrow H_{2}O(l) + Ba(C_{2}H_{3}O_{2})_{2}(aq) \)
03

Write the balanced net ionic equation

Remove the spectator ions in the balanced molecular equation to get the balanced net ionic equation: \(H^{+}(aq) + C_{2}H_{3}O_{2}^{-}(aq) + OH^{-}(aq) \rightarrow H_{2}O(l) + C_{2}H_{3}O_{2}^{-}(aq)\) (b):
04

Identify reactants and predict products

The reactants are solid chromium(III) hydroxide (Cr(OH)鈧�) and nitrous acid (HNO鈧�). The products will be water (H鈧侽) and a salt, which is chromium(III) nitrite (Cr(NO鈧�)鈧�).
05

Write the balanced molecular equation

Balance the equation by making sure the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides: \(Cr(OH)_{3}(s) + 3HNO_{2}(aq) \rightarrow 3H_{2}O(l) + Cr(NO_{2})_{3}(aq) \)
06

Write the balanced net ionic equation

Remove the spectator ions in the balanced molecular equation to get the balanced net ionic equation: \(Cr(OH)_{3}(s) + 3H^{+}(aq) + 3NO_{2}^{-}(aq) \rightarrow 3H_{2}O(l) + Cr^{3+}(aq) + 3NO_{2}^{-}(aq)\) (c):
07

Identify reactants and predict products

The reactants are aqueous nitric acid (HNO鈧�) and aqueous ammonia (NH鈧�). The products will be water (H鈧侽) and a salt, which is ammonium nitrate (NH鈧凬O鈧�).
08

Write the balanced molecular equation

Balance the equation by making sure the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides: \(HNO_{3}(aq) + NH_{3}(aq) \rightarrow H_{2}O(l) + NH_{4}NO_{3}(aq) \)
09

Write the balanced net ionic equation

Remove the spectator ions in the balanced molecular equation to get the balanced net ionic equation: \(H^{+}(aq) + NO_{3}^{-}(aq) + NH_{3}(aq) \rightarrow H_{2}O(l) + NH_{4}^{+}(aq) + NO_{3}^{-}(aq)\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An aqueous solution of an unknown solute is tested with litmus paper and found to be acidic. The solution is weakly conducting compared with a solution of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) of the same concentration. Which of the following substances could the unknown be: \(\mathrm{KOH}, \mathrm{NH}_{3}, \mathrm{HNO}_{3}, \mathrm{KClO}_{2}, \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{3}\) (acetone)?

Because the oxide ion is basic, metal oxides react readily with acids. (a) Write the net ionic equation for the following reaction: $$ \mathrm{FeO}(s)+2 \mathrm{HClO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{4}\right)_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) $$ (b) Based on the equation in part (a), write the net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs between \(\mathrm{NiO}(s)\) and an aqueous solution of nitric acid.

A fertilizer railroad car carrying 34,300 gallons of commercial aqueous ammonia ( \(30 \%\) ammonia by mass) tips over and spills. The density of the aqueous ammonia solution is \(0.88 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). What mass of citric acid, \(\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{OH})(\mathrm{COOH})\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{COOH}\right)_{2}\), (which contains three acidic protons) is required to neutralize the spill? 1 gallon \(=3.785 \mathrm{~L}\).

Write balanced molecular and net ionic equations for the following reactions, and identify the gas formed in each: (a) solid cadmium sulfide reacts with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid; (b) solid magnesium carbonate reacts with an aqueous solution of perchloric acid.

State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. (a) Sulfuric acid is a monoprotic acid. (b) \(\mathrm{HCl}\) is a weak acid. (c) Methanol is a base.
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