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Chapter 4: Problem 33

State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. (a) Sulfuric acid is a monoprotic acid. (b) \(\mathrm{HCl}\) is a weak acid. (c) Methanol is a base.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) False. Sulfuric acid (\(\mathrm{H_2SO_4}\)) is a diprotic acid, as it can donate two protons (\(\mathrm{H^+}\)) per molecule. (b) False. Hydrochloric acid (\(\mathrm{HCl}\)) is a strong acid, as it dissociates completely in water. (c) False. Methanol (\(\mathrm{CH_3OH}\)) is an alcohol, not a base, as it does not have the properties of a typical base.

Step by step solution

01

a) Sulfuric acid is a monoprotic acid.

This statement is false. A monoprotic acid is an acid that can donate only one proton (\(\mathrm{H^+}\)) per molecule when it dissociates in water. Sulfuric acid (\(\mathrm{H_2SO_4}\)) is a diprotic acid as it can donate two protons (\(\mathrm{H^+}\)) per molecule. The dissociation of sulfuric acid in water can be written as: \[ \mathrm{H_2SO_4 \rightarrow H^+ + HSO_4^-} \] \[ \mathrm{HSO_4^- \rightarrow H^+ + SO_4^{2-}} \] Since sulfuric acid can donate two protons, it is not a monoprotic acid and this statement is false.
02

b) \(\mathrm{HCl}\) is a weak acid.

This statement is false. An acid's strength is determined by its ability to dissociate completely into its ions in water. Hydrochloric acid (\(\mathrm{HCl}\)) is a strong acid because it dissociates completely in water. The dissociation of \(\mathrm{HCl}\) in water can be written as: \[ \mathrm{HCl \rightarrow H^+ + Cl^-} \] Since \(\mathrm{HCl}\) dissociates completely into its ions, it is a strong acid, not a weak acid. Therefore, this statement is false.
03

c) Methanol is a base.

This statement is false. Methanol (\(\mathrm{CH_3OH}\)) is an alcohol, not a base. A base is a substance that can accept protons (\(\mathrm{H^+}\)) or donate electron pairs. Methanol does not have the properties of a typical base, as it does not have a basic functional group (such as an amine group) that can donate electron pairs or accept protons. Methanol's structure is as follows: \[ \mathrm{CH_3 - OH} \] Although the oxygen atom in methanol has a pair of non-bonded electrons, it does not have a significant tendency to donate electron pairs or accept protons, thus it cannot be considered as a base. Therefore, this statement is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) You have a stock solution of \(14.8 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NH}_{3}\). How many milliliters of this solution should you dilute to make \(1000.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.250 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NH}_{3}\) ? (b) If you take a \(10.0\)-mL portion of the stock solution and dilute it to a total volume of \(0.500 \mathrm{~L}\), what will be the concentration of the final solution?

The average adult human male has a total blood volume of \(5.0 \mathrm{~L}\). If the concentration of sodium ion in this average individual is \(0.135 \mathrm{M}\), what is the mass of sodium ion circulating in the blood?

Which of the following are redox reactions? For those that are, indicate which element is oxidized and which is reduced. For those that are not, indicate whether they are precipitation or neutralization reactions. (a) \(\begin{aligned} \mathrm{P}_{4}(s)+10 \mathrm{HClO}(a q)+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow & \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(a q)+10 \mathrm{HCl}(a q) \end{aligned}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}(l)+2 \mathrm{~K}(s) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{KBr}(s)\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}(l)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+2 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) (d) \(\mathrm{ZnCl}_{2}(a q)+2 \mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(s)+\) \(2 \mathrm{NaCl}(a q)\)

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