/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 22 Balance the following equations ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

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Chapter 3: Problem 22

Balance the following equations and indicate whether they are combination, decomposition, or combustion reactions: (a) \(\mathrm{PbCO}_{3}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{PbO}(s)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) (c) \(\mathrm{Mg}(s)+\mathrm{N}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Mg}_{3} \mathrm{~N}_{2}(s)\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) (e) \(\mathrm{Al}(s)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{AlCl}_{3}(s)\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The balanced equation is \(\mathrm{PbCO}_{3}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{PbO}(s)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) and it is a decomposition reaction. (b) The balanced equation is \[\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(g) + 3\,\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2\,\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) + 2\,\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(g)\] and it is a combustion reaction. (c) The balanced equation is \[3\,\mathrm{Mg}(s) + \mathrm{N}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Mg}_{3}\mathrm{N}_{2}(s)\] and it is a combination reaction. (d) The balanced equation is \[\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}(l) + 9\, \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 7\, \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) + 4\, \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\] and it is a combustion reaction. (e) The balanced equation is \[2\,\mathrm{Al}(s) + 3\,\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2\,\mathrm{AlCl}_{3}(s)\] and it is a combination reaction.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Balancing the equation and identifying reaction type

In this reaction, we have \(\mathrm{PbCO}_{3}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{PbO}(s)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\). The equation is already balanced, as there is one atom of each element on both the reactant and product sides. Since one compound is breaking down into simpler substances, this is a decomposition reaction.
02

(b) Balancing the equation and identifying reaction type

We have \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\). To balance this equation, adjust the number of molecules to match the atoms in both sides: \[\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(g) + 3\,\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2\,\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) + 2\,\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(g)\] Since a substance reacts with oxygen gas and produces carbon dioxide and water, this is a combustion reaction.
03

(c) Balancing the equation and identifying reaction type

In this reaction, we have \(\mathrm{Mg}(s)+\mathrm{N}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Mg}_{3}\mathrm{N}_{2}(s)\). Balancing the equation gives: \[3\,\mathrm{Mg}(s) + \mathrm{N}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Mg}_{3}\mathrm{N}_{2}(s)\] This reaction involves two substances combining to form a single product, so it is a combination reaction.
04

(d) Balancing the equation and identifying reaction type

We have \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\). To balance the equation: \[\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}(l) + 9\, \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 7\, \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) + 4\, \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\] As a substance reacts with oxygen gas and produces carbon dioxide and water, this is a combustion reaction.
05

(e) Balancing the equation and identifying reaction type

In this reaction, we have \(\mathrm{Al}(s)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{AlCl}_{3}(s)\). Balancing the equation gives: \[2\,\mathrm{Al}(s) + 3\,\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2\,\mathrm{AlCl}_{3}(s)\] This reaction involves two substances combining to form a single product, so it is a combination reaction.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Determine the formula weights of each of the following compounds: (a) nitrous oxide, \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}\), known as laughing gas and used as an anesthetic in dentistry; (b) benzoic acid; \(\mathrm{HC}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{2}\), a substance used as a food preservative; \(\left(\right.\) c) \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\), the active ingredient in milk of magnesia; (d) urea, \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}\), a compound used as a nitrogen fertilizer; (e) isopentyl acetate, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{11}\), responsible for the odor of bananas.

Determine the formula weights of each of the following compounds: (a) nitric acid, \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4} ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{Ca}_{3}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{2}\); (d) quartz, \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2} ;\) (e) gallium sulfide, (f) chromium(III) sulfate, (g) phosphorus trichloride.

Serotonin is a compound that conducts nerve impulses in the brain. It contains \(68.2\) mass percent \(C, 6.86\) mass percent \(H\), \(15.9\) mass percent \(\mathrm{N}\), and \(9.08\) mass percent \(\mathrm{O}\). Its molar mass is \(176 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\). Determine its molecular formula.

Very small crystals composed of 1000 to 100,000 atoms, called quantum dots, are being investigated for use in electronic devices. (a) A quantum dot was made of solid silicon in the shape of a sphere, with a diameter of \(4 \mathrm{~nm}\). Calculate the mass of the quantum dot, using the density of silicon \(\left(2.3 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\right)\). (b) How many silicon atoms are in the quantum dot? (c) The density of germanium is \(5.325 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). If you made a 4-nm quantum dot of germanium, how many Ge atoms would it contain? Assume the dot is spherical.

A compound, \(\mathrm{KBrO}_{x}\) where \(x\) is unknown, is analyzed and found to contain \(52.92 \% \mathrm{Br}\). What is the value of \(x\) ?
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