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Chapter 3: Problem 21

Balance the following equations and indicate whether they are combination, decomposition, or combustion reactions: (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) (b) \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{3}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) (d) \(\mathrm{N}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)\) (e) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{KOH}(a q)\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \(C_3H_6(g) + \frac{9}{2}O_2(g) \longrightarrow 3CO_2(g) + 3H_2O(g)\) - Combustion reaction (b) \(NH_4NO_3(s) \longrightarrow N_2O(g) + 2H_2O(g)\) - Decomposition reaction (c) \(C_5H_6O(l) + \frac{15}{2}O_2(g) \longrightarrow 5CO_2(g) + 3H_2O(g)\) - Combustion reaction (d) \(N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \longrightarrow 2NH_3(g)\) - Combination reaction (e) \(K_2O(s) + H_2O(l) \longrightarrow 2KOH(aq)\) - Combination reaction

Step by step solution

01

(a) Balancing the equation

First, we balance the number of atoms for each element on both sides of the equation. This involves adding coefficients in front of the chemical compounds: \(C_3H_6(g) + \frac{9}{2}O_2(g) \longrightarrow 3CO_2(g) + 3H_2O(g)\) The balanced equation is now: \(C_3H_6(g) + \frac{9}{2}O_2(g) \longrightarrow 3CO_2(g) + 3H_2O(g)\) This is a combustion reaction, as it involves a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
02

(b) Balancing the equation

Balancing the atoms for each element on both sides of the equation: \(NH_4NO_3(s) \longrightarrow N_2O(g) + 2H_2O(g)\) The balanced equation is now: \(NH_4NO_3(s) \longrightarrow N_2O(g) + 2H_2O(g)\) This is a decomposition reaction, as a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler compounds.
03

(c) Balancing the equation

Balancing the atoms for each element on both sides of the equation: \(C_5H_6O(l) + \frac{15}{2}O_2(g) \longrightarrow 5CO_2(g) + 3H_2O(g)\) The balanced equation is now: \(C_5H_6O(l) + \frac{15}{2}O_2(g) \longrightarrow 5CO_2(g) + 3H_2O(g)\) This is a combustion reaction, as it involves a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
04

(d) Balancing the equation

Balancing the atoms for each element on both sides of the equation: \(N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \longrightarrow 2NH_3(g)\) The balanced equation is now: \(N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \longrightarrow 2NH_3(g)\) This is a combination reaction, as simpler molecules (nitrogen and hydrogen) combine to form a more complex molecule (ammonia).
05

(e) Balancing the equation

Balancing the atoms for each element on both sides of the equation: \(K_2O(s) + H_2O(l) \longrightarrow 2KOH(aq)\) The balanced equation is now: \(K_2O(s) + H_2O(l) \longrightarrow 2KOH(aq)\) This is a combination reaction, as simpler molecules (potassium oxide and water) combine to form a more complex molecule (potassium hydroxide).

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