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Chapter 23: Problem 17

Which type of substance is attracted by a magnetic field, a diamagnetic substance or a paramagnetic substance?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Paramagnetic substances, which have unpaired electrons and a net magnetic moment, are attracted by a magnetic field. On the other hand, diamagnetic substances, with all electrons paired up and a net zero magnetic moment, experience a repulsive force in a magnetic field.

Step by step solution

01

Understand diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances

Diamagnetic substances are materials in which all the electrons are paired up, resulting in a net zero magnetic moment. When an external magnetic field is applied to a diamagnetic substance, it generates an induced magnetic field in the opposite direction to the applied field. As a result, diamagnetic substances experience a repulsive force when placed in a magnetic field. Paramagnetic substances have unpaired electrons, leading to a net magnetic moment. When an external magnetic field is applied to a paramagnetic substance, the magnetic moments align with the applied field. This results in an attractive force between the substance and the magnetic field.
02

Determine the type of substance attracted to the magnetic field

As we learned in Step 1, diamagnetic substances experience a repulsive force when placed in a magnetic field, while paramagnetic substances experience an attractive force. Therefore, the substance that is attracted to the magnetic field is a paramagnetic substance.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Solutions of \(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{6}\right]^{2+},\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}\right]^{2+}\) (both octahedral), and \(\left[\mathrm{CoCl}_{4}\right]^{2-}\) (tetrahedral) are colored. One is pink, one is blue, and one is yellow. Based on the spectrochemical series and remembering that the energy splitting in tetrahedral complexes is normally much less than that in ectahedral ones, assign a color to each complex.

Based on the molar conductance values listed here for the series of platinum(IV) complexes, write the formula for each complex so as to show which ligands are in the coordination sphere of the metal. By way of example, the molar conductances of \(0.050 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaCl}\) and \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}\) are \(107 \mathrm{ohm}^{-1}\) and \(197 \mathrm{ohm}^{-1}\), respectively. \begin{tabular}{lc} \hline Complex & Molar Conductance \(\left(o \text { ohm }^{-1}\right)^{*}\) of \(0.050\) M Solution \\ \hline \(\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{6} \mathrm{Cl}_{4}\) & 523 \\ \(\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{4}\) & 228 \\ \(\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{Cl}_{4}\) & 97 \\ \(\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{4}\) & 0 \\ \(\left.\mathrm{KPt}_{4}\right) \mathrm{NH}_{5}\) & 108 \\ \hline \end{tabular} "The ohm is a unit of resistance; conductance is the inverse of resistance.

The total concentration of \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) and \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) in a sample of hard water was determined by titrating a \(0.100\) - L sample of the water with a solution of EDTA \({ }^{4-}\). The EDTA \({ }^{4-}\) chelates the two cations: $$ \begin{aligned} \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}+[\mathrm{EDTA}]^{4-} & \longrightarrow[\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{EDTA})]^{2-} \\ \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}+\left[\mathrm{EDTA}^{4-}\right.& \longrightarrow[\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{EDTA})]^{2-} \end{aligned} $$ It requires \(31.5 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.0104 \mathrm{M}[\mathrm{EDTA}]^{4-}\) solution to reach the end point in the titration. A second \(0.100-L\) sample was then treated with sulfate ion to precipitate \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) as calcium sulfate. The \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) was then titrated with \(18.7 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.0104 \mathrm{M}\) [EDTA] ]- Calculate the concentrations of \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) and \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) in the hard water in mg/I.

Write out the ground-state electron configurations of (a) \(\mathrm{Ti}^{3+}\), (b) \(\mathrm{Ru}^{24}\), (c) \(\mathrm{Au}^{3+}\), (d) \(\mathrm{Mn}^{4+}\).

(a) What is the meaning of the term coordination number as it applies to metal complexes? (b) Give an example of a ligand that is neutral and one that is negatively charged. (c) Would you expect ligands that are positively charged to be common? Explain. (d) What type of chemical bonding is characteristic of coordination compounds? Illustrate with the compound \(\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{6} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\). (e) What are the most common coordination numbers for metal complexes?
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