/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 84 (a) What do ethane and ethanol h... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 2: Problem 84

(a) What do ethane and ethanol have in common? (b) How does 1-propanol differ from propane?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Ethane and ethanol both have a carbon chain consisting of two carbon atoms. (b) 1-Propanol has an alcohol functional group (-OH) attached to the first carbon atom in the chain and contains an oxygen atom in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, while propane is part of the alkane group and is composed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Step by step solution

01

Write the chemical formulas of ethane and ethanol, 1-propanol, and propane

Ethane: \(C_2H_6\) Ethanol: \(C_2H_5OH\) 1-Propanol: \(C_3H_7OH\) Propane: \(C_3H_8\)
02

Compare ethane and ethanol

Both ethane and ethanol have two carbon atoms in their molecular structure. They belong to different functional groups, with ethane being part of the alkane group and ethanol belonging to the alcohol group. The primary difference between them is that ethane has a single bond between the two carbon atoms and is composed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. In contrast, ethanol has an alcohol functional group (-OH) attached to one of the carbon atoms. The commonality between ethane and ethanol is the carbon chain consisting of two carbon atoms.
03

Compare 1-propanol and propane

Both 1-propanol and propane have three carbon atoms in their molecular structure. Like ethane, propane belongs to the alkane group and is composed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Its structure consists of a three-carbon chain with single bonds between the carbon atoms and all remaining valences satisfied by hydrogen atoms. 1-Propanol, on the other hand, has an alcohol functional group (-OH) attached to the first carbon atom in the chain. Unlike propane, 1-propanol contains an oxygen atom in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. The difference between the two compounds lies in the functional group (alcohol in 1-propanol) and the presence of an oxygen atom in 1-propanol's molecular structure.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Functional Groups
Functional groups are distinct groups of atoms within molecules that determine the chemical behavior of those molecules. They are the key to understanding how different organic compounds react and interact with each other.
Some of the most common functional groups include:
  • Alkanes: As a basic structure, alkanes are simply chains of carbon atoms bonded with hydrogen atoms. They are saturated hydrocarbons with single covalent bonds and no functional groups.
  • Alcohols: These contain the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to their carbon chain.

Functional groups like the alcohol group in ethanol and 1-propanol are critical because they modify the physical and chemical properties of the compound. This leads to various applications and reactivity patterns, making functional groups indispensable in organic chemistry.
Alkanes
Alkanes are the simplest type of hydrocarbons and are also known as paraffins. They consist exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms, with all the carbon-to-carbon bonds being single bonds. These single bonds categorize alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons.
Common properties of alkanes include:
  • They are nonpolar molecules, making them relatively unreactive.
  • Alkanes typically exhibit low boiling and melting points, which increase with the molecular size due to van der Waals forces.
  • Since they lack functional groups, their reactions are mostly limited to combustion and substitution reactions.

Ethane, for instance, is an alkane with the molecular formula \(C_2H_6\), possessing a simple structure of two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms. Alkanes serve as a backbone for more complex chemical structures when functional groups are added.
Alcohols
Alcohols are a vital class of organic compounds characterized by having one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) bonded to a carbon atom. This functional group dramatically changes the properties of the molecule compared to alkanes.
Some key features of alcohols include:
  • They are generally more polar than alkanes due to the presence of the hydroxyl group, leading to higher solubility in water.
  • Alcohols have higher boiling points than comparable alkanes due to hydrogen bonding.
  • The hydroxyl group is responsible for the alcohol's ability to participate in reactions such as oxidation and dehydration.

Ethanol \(C_2H_5OH\), for example, is an alcohol with a similar backbone to ethane. However, the presence of the -OH group adds unique properties, influencing the molecule's reactivity and polarity. Similarly, 1-propanol \(C_3H_7OH\) differs from propane (an alkane) due to the hydroxyl group addition, which is crucial for its behavior in chemical reactions.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Two substances have the same molecular and empirical formulas. Does this mean that they must be the same compound?

How did Rutherford interpret the following observations made during his \(\alpha\)-particle scattering experiments? (a) Most \(\alpha\) particles were not appreciably deflected as they passed through the gold foil. (b) A few \(\alpha\) particles were deflected at very large angles. (c) What differences would you expect if beryllium foil were used instead of gold foil in the \(\alpha\)-particle scattering experiment?

Write the chemical formula for each substance mentioned in the following word descriptions (use the front inside cover to find the symbols for the elements you do not know). (a) Zinc carbonate can be heated to form zinc oxide and carbon dioxide. (b) On treatment with hydrofluoric acid, silicon dioxide forms silicon tetrafluoride and water. (c) Sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form sulfurous acid. (d) The substance phosphorus trihydride, commonly called phosphine, is a toxic gas. (e) Perchloric acid reacts with cadmium to form cadmium(II) perchlorate. (f) Vanadium(III) bromide is a colored solid.

Provide the name or chemical formula, as appropriate, for each of the following acids: (a) hydroiodic acid, (b) chloric acid, (c) nitrous acid, (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\), (e) \(\mathrm{HClO}_{4}\), (f) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\).

Hydrogen sulfide is composed of two elements: hydrogen and sulfur. In an experiment, \(6.500 \mathrm{~g}\) of hydrogen sulfide is fully decomposed into its elements. (a) If \(0.384 \mathrm{~g}\) of hydrogen is obtained in this experiment, how many grams of sulfur must be obtained? (b) What fundamental law does this experiment demonstrate? (c) How is this law explained by Dalton's atomic theory?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.