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Chapter 2: Problem 48

Two substances have the same molecular and empirical formulas. Does this mean that they must be the same compound?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Yes, if two substances have the same molecular and empirical formulas, they must be the same compound. This is because they have the same exact number of atoms of each element, and those elements are present in the same proportions.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Molecular Formulas

A molecular formula represents the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound. It provides the exact composition of the molecule, without any simplification.
02

Understanding Empirical Formulas

An empirical formula represents the smallest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound. It is derived by reducing the molecular formula to its most simplified form.
03

Relationship between Molecular and Empirical Formulas

In some cases, the molecular formula is the same as the empirical formula, but this is not always true. The molecular formula can be a whole number multiple of the empirical formula. For example, the empirical formula of hydrogen peroxide (H鈧侽鈧�) is HO, while the molecular formula is H鈧侽鈧�.
04

Answering the question

If two substances have the same molecular and empirical formulas, it means they have the same exact composition of elements and their simplest whole number ratio is also the same. Since both substances have the same exact number of atoms of each element, and those elements are present in the same proportions, it means the substances are indeed the same compound. The answer: Yes, if two substances have the same molecular and empirical formulas, they must be the same compound.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Predict the chemical formulas of the compounds formed by the following pairs of ions: (a) \(\mathrm{Cr}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{Br}^{-}\), (b) \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\), (c) \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2}{ }^{2+}\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{3}{ }^{2-}\), (d) \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) and \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}\), (e) \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\)and \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}{ }^{3-}\).

For each of the following elements, write its chemical symbol, locate it in the periodic table, give its atomic number, and indicate whether it is a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal: (a) chromium, (b) helium, (c) phosphorus, (d) zinc, (e) magnesium, (f) bromine, \((g)\) arsenic.

Using the periodic table, predict the charges of the ions of the following elements: (a) \(\mathrm{Ga}\), (b) \(\mathrm{Sr}\), (c) As, (d) Br, (c) Se.

Complete the table by filling in the formula for the ionic compound formed by each pair of cations and anions, as shown for the first pair.

The first atoms of seaborgium (Sg) were identified in 1974 . The longest-lived isotope of Sg has a mass number of 266 . (a) How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in an \({ }^{266} \mathrm{Sg}\) atom? (b) Atoms of \(\mathrm{Sg}\) are very unstable, and it is therefore difficult to study this element's properties. Based on the position of \(\mathrm{Sg}\) in the periodic table, what element should it most closely resemble in its chemical properties?
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