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Chapter 9: Problem 57

Shown here are three pairs of hybrid orbitals, with each set at a characteristic angle. For each pair, determine the type of hybridization, if any, that could lead to hybrid orbitals at the specified angle.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Compare the characteristic angles of each pair of hybrid orbitals to the known hybridization angles: 180掳 for sp, 120掳 for sp2, and 109.5掳 for sp3. For each pair, if the given angle matches one of these angles, that is the type of hybridization for that pair.

Step by step solution

01

Recall the different types of hybridization and their angles

There are 3 main types of hybridizations which are: 1. sp Hybridization: Linear geometry with a characteristic angle of 180掳 2. sp2 Hybridization: Trigonal planar geometry with a characteristic angle of 120掳 3. sp3 Hybridization: Tetrahedral geometry with a characteristic angle of 109.5掳 Now, let's analyze each pair of hybrid orbitals to determine the type of hybridization.
02

Compare the characteristic angle of the first pair to the known hybridization angles

Determine the type of hybridization, if any, for the first pair of the hybrid orbitals with the given characteristic angle. Compare the angle to the known hybridization angles 180掳, 120掳, and 109.5掳. If the given angle matches any of these angles, then that's the type of hybridization for the first pair.
03

Compare the characteristic angle of the second pair to the known hybridization angles

Determine the type of hybridization, if any, for the second pair of the hybrid orbitals with the given characteristic angle. Compare the angle to the known hybridization angles 180掳, 120掳, and 109.5掳. If the given angle matches any of these angles, then that's the type of hybridization for the second pair.
04

Compare the characteristic angle of the third pair to the known hybridization angles

Determine the type of hybridization, if any, for the third pair of the hybrid orbitals with the given characteristic angle. Compare the angle to the known hybridization angles 180掳, 120掳, and 109.5掳. If the given angle matches any of these angles, then that's the type of hybridization for the third pair.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) If you combine two atomic orbitals on two different atoms to make a new orbital, is this a hybrid orbital or a molecular orbital? (b) If you combine two atomic orbitals on one atom to make a new orbital, is this a hybrid orbital or a molecular orbital? (c) Does the Pauli exclusion principle (Section 6.7\()\) apply to MOs? Explain.

An \(\mathrm{AB}_{3}\) molecule is described as having a trigonal-bipyramidal electron-domain geometry. How many nonbonding domains are on atom A? Explain.

The reaction of three molecules of fluorine gas with a Xe atom produces the substance xenon hexafluoride, \(\mathrm{XeF}_{6}\) : $$\mathrm{Xe}(g)+3 \mathrm{~F}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{XeF}_{6}(s) $$ (a) Draw a Lewis structure for \(\mathrm{XeF}_{6}\). (b) If you try to use the VSEPR model to predict the molecular geometry of \(\mathrm{XeF}_{6}\), you run into a problem. What is it? (c) What could you do to resolve the difficulty in part \((\mathrm{b}) ?(\mathbf{d})\) The molecule \(\mathrm{IF}_{7}\) has a pentagonalbipyramidal structure (five equatorial fluorine atoms at the vertices of a regular pentagon and two axial fluorine atoms). Based on the structure of \(\mathrm{IF}_{7}\), suggest a structure for \(\mathrm{XeF}_{6}\).

The Lewis structure for allene is Make a sketch of the structure of this molecule that is analogous to Figure \(9.25 .\) In addition, answer the following three questions: (a) Is the molecule planar? (b) Does it have a nonzero dipole moment? (c) Would the bonding in allene be described as delocalized? Explain.

(a) What does the term diamagnetism mean? (b) How does a diamagnetic substance respond to a magnetic field? (c) Which of the following ions would you expect to be diamagnetic: \(\mathrm{N}_{2}^{2-}, \mathrm{O}_{2}^{2-}, \mathrm{Be}_{2}^{2+}, \mathrm{C}_{2}^{-} ?\)
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