Chapter 3: Problem 31
What is the mass, in kilograms, of an Avogadro's number of people, if the average mass of a person is \(160 \mathrm{lb}\) ? How does this compare with the mass of Earth, \(5.98 \times 10^{24} \mathrm{~kg}\) ?
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Chapter 3: Problem 31
What is the mass, in kilograms, of an Avogadro's number of people, if the average mass of a person is \(160 \mathrm{lb}\) ? How does this compare with the mass of Earth, \(5.98 \times 10^{24} \mathrm{~kg}\) ?
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An organic compound was found to contain only \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and Cl. When a 1.50 -g sample of the compound was completely combusted in air, \(3.52 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) was formed. In a separate experiment the chlorine in a 1.00 -g sample of the compound was converted to \(1.27 \mathrm{~g}\) of AgCl. Determine the empirical formula of the compound.
Write balanced chemical equations to correspond to each of the following descriptions: (a) Solid calcium carbide, \(\mathrm{CaC}_{2}\), reacts with water to form an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide and acetylene gas, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}\). (b) When solid potassium chlorate is heated, it decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas. (c) Solid zinc metal reacts with sulfuric acid to form hydrogen gas and an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate. (d) When liquid phosphorus trichloride is added to water, it reacts to form aqueous phosphorous acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}(a q),\) and aqueous hydrochloric acid. (e) When hydrogen sulfide gas is passed over solid hot iron(III) hydroxide, the resultant reaction produces solid iron(III) sulfide and gaseous water.
(a) Define the terms limiting reactant and excess reactant. (b) Why are the amounts of products formed in a reaction determined only by the amount of the limiting reactant? (c) Why should you base your choice of which compound is the limiting reactant on its number of initial moles, not on its initial mass in grams?
Calculate the following quantities: (a) mass, in grams, of \(1.50 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~mol}\) of CdS (b) number of moles of \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}\) in \(86.6 \mathrm{~g}\) of this substance (c) number of molecules in \(8.447 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) (d) number of \(\mathrm{O}\) atoms in \(6.25 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}\)
When a mixture of \(10.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of acetylene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}\right) ;\) and \(10.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of oxygen \(\left(\mathrm{O}_{2}\right)\) is ignited, the resultant combustion reaction produces \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. (b) Which is the limiting reactant? (c) How many grams of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}, \mathrm{O}_{2}, \mathrm{CO}_{2},\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) are present after the reaction is complete?
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