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Chapter 24: Problem 32

Draw all structural and geometric isomers of butene and name them.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The structural and geometric isomers of butene are: 1. 1-butene: CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 2. cis-2-butene: H H \ / C= C / \ CH3 H 3. trans-2-butene: H CH3 \ / C=C / \ H CH3

Step by step solution

01

Identify the parent hydrocarbon and possible bond locations

The parent hydrocarbon is butene, which has four carbon atoms and a double bond (C4H8). The double bond can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the carbon chain.
02

Draw structural isomers with different double bond placement

Two structural isomers of butene can be formed based on the location of the double bond: 1. 1-butene: Double bond starts at the first carbon atom. 2. 2-butene: Double bond starts at the second carbon atom. The molecular structures of the isomers are: 1-butene: CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 2-butene: CH3-CH=CH-CH3
03

Identify and draw geometric isomers for 2-butene

For 2-butene, we can have geometric isomers due to restricted rotation around the double bond. Geometric isomers differ in the relative position of the substituents on either side of the double bond. There are two possible geometric isomers: 1. cis-2-butene: Both methyl (CH3) groups are on the same side of the double bond. 2. trans-2-butene: The methyl (CH3) groups are on opposite sides of the double bond. The molecular structures of the geometric isomers are: cis-2-butene: H H \ / C= C / \ CH3 H trans-2-butene: H CH3 \ / C=C / \ H CH3 Now we have identified and drawn all structural and geometric isomers of butene, which are: 1. 1-butene 2. cis-2-butene 3. trans-2-butene

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Why are alkanes said to be saturated? (b) Is \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) a saturated hydrocarbon? Why or why not?

The molar heat of combustion of gaseous cyclopropane is \(-2089 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} ;\) that for gaseous cyclopentane is \(-3317 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). Calculate the heat of combustion per \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) group in the two cases, and account for the difference.

(a) When cyclopropane is treated with HI, 1-iodopropane is formed. A similar type of reaction does not occur with cyclopentane or cyclohexane. How do you account for the reactivity of cyclopropane? (b) Suggest a method of preparing ethylbenzene, starting with benzene and ethylene as the only organic reagents.

What is the difference between \(\alpha\) -glucose and \(\beta\) -glucose? Show the condensation of two glucose molecules to form a disaccharide with an \(\alpha\) linkage; with a \(\beta\) linkage.

A typical amino acid with one amino group and one carboxylic acid group, such as serine (Figure 24.18 ), can exist in water in several ionic forms. (a) Suggest the forms of the amino acid at low \(\mathrm{pH}\) and at high \(\mathrm{pH}\). (b) Amino acids generally have two \(\mathrm{p} K_{a}\) values, one in the range of 2 to 3 and the other in the range of 9 to \(10 .\) Serine, for example, has \(\mathrm{p} K_{a}\) values of 2.19 and \(9.21 .\) Using species such as acetic acid and ammonia as models, suggest the origin of the two \(\mathrm{p} K_{a}\) values. (c) Glutamic acid is an amino acid that has three \(\mathrm{p} K_{a}\) 's: 2.10 , 4.07, and 9.47. Draw the structure of glutamic acid, and assign each \(\mathrm{p} K_{a}\) to the appropriate part of the molecule.
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