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Name or write the condensed structural formula for the fol- lowing compounds: (a) trans -2 -pentene (b) 2,5 -dimethyl-4-octene (c) CCC(C)=CCC(C)C (d) Brc1ccc(Br)cc1 (e) C#CC(C)(CC)CC

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) CH鈧僀H=CHCH鈧侰H鈧 (b) CH鈧僀H(CH鈧)CH鈧侰H=CHCH(CH鈧)CH鈧侰H鈧 (c) CH鈧僀H鈧侰H(C鈧)=CH(CH鈧)CH鈧侰(CH鈧)鈧 (d) BrC鈧咹鈧凚r (e) CH鈧僀鈮CH(C(CH鈧侰H鈧))(CH鈧侰H鈧)

Step by step solution

01

(a) trans-2-pentene

The given compound is trans-2-pentene. "trans" refers to the geometric isomerism with different groups across the double bond. "2-pentene" indicates a 5-carbon chain with a double bond at the second carbon. The condensed structural formula for this compound will be: CH鈧僀H=CHCH鈧侰H鈧.
02

(b) 2,5-dimethyl-4-octene

Here, we have 2,5-dimethyl-4-octene. The prefix "oct" tells us we have an 8-carbon chain. "4-octene" shows that there is a double bond at the 4th carbon. "2,5-dimethyl-" indicates there are methyl groups (CH鈧) at the 2nd and 5th carbons. The condensed structural formula for this compound is: CH鈧僀H(CH鈧)CH鈧侰H=CHCH(CH鈧)CH鈧侰H鈧.
03

(c) CCC(C)=CCC(C)C

This compound is given in SMILES notation: CCC(C)=CCC(C)C. To convert this into a condensed structural formula, we follow the formula: CH鈧僀H鈧侰H(C鈧) = CH(CH鈧)CH鈧侰(CH鈧)鈧.
04

(d) Brc1ccc(Br)cc1

The compound is given in SMILES notation: Brc1ccc(Br)cc1. This notation specifies a benzene ring with bromine substituents. We can write the condensed structural formula as: BrC鈧咹鈧凚r.
05

(e) C#CC(C)(CC)CC

The given compound is in SMILES notation: C#CC(C)(CC)CC. This can be translated into a condensed structural formula: CH鈧僀鈮CH(C(CH鈧侰H鈧))(CH鈧侰H鈧).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Chemical Notation
Chemical notation is the standardized way of describing chemical elements, compounds, their structure, and reactions. It consists of symbols, formulas, and representations that facilitate the understanding and communication of chemical information. One prevalent form of chemical notation is the condensed structural formula. This is particularly handy for organic compounds, where the molecular structure is abbreviated to show the arrangement of atoms in a simplified manner. For example, in the compound trans-2-pentene, its condensed structural formula is written as CH鈧僀H=CHCH鈧侰H鈧, succinctly indicating the placement of the carbon atoms and the double bond within the hydrocarbon chain.

Understanding chemical notation is crucial when tackling chemistry homework, as it allows students to visualize molecules and their connections. Without such notation, communication within the scientific community would be cumbersome and prone to errors. It is also a stepping stone to mastering more complex notations, like SMILES, which are used for computer representation of chemical structures.
Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are the cornerstone of organic chemistry and include any chemical compound that contains carbon-hydrogen bonds. These compounds can range from simple molecules like methane (CH鈧) to large and complex structures such as proteins and DNA. The diversity in the structure and function of organic compounds is staggering and is governed by the types of bonds and the way carbon atoms connect to each other and to other elements.

For example, the compound 2,5-dimethyl-4-octene has a backbone of eight carbon atoms, and includes additional methyl (CH鈧) groups attached to the 2nd and 5th carbons. The representation of this molecule in condensed structural form, CH鈧僀H(CH鈧)CH鈧侰H=CHCH(CH鈧)CH鈧侰H鈧, clearly shows its framework and the location of its double bond. Understanding the various types of organic compounds and their naming conventions is crucial, as they are used ubiquitously in pharmaceuticals, materials science, and biological systems.
Structural Isomers
Structural isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but differ in the way the atoms are connected to each other. This variations can result in profoundly different properties. For instance, structural isomers can have different melting points, boiling points, and reactivity. As an example, butane (C鈧凥鈧佲個) has two structural isomers: n-butane with a straight chain, and isobutane with a branched chain. The ability to recognize and differentiate between structural isomers is important for students to comprehend how changes in molecular structure can affect the physical and chemical properties of a substance.

Different types of structural isomerism exist, such as chain isomerism, position isomerism, and functional group isomerism. For example, trans-2-pentene and cis-2-pentene are position isomers. They both have the same formula, C鈧匟鈧佲個, but are different due to the placement of the hydrogen atoms across the double bond. Understanding the concept of structural isomers enhances a student's ability to predict and explain the behavior of molecules.
SMILES Notation
SMILES notation stands for Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System. It is a way to describe a chemical structure using a line of text. This method has gained popularity because it can be easily read and processed by computers, which is essential for cheminformatics applications, such as database searching and molecular modeling.

In the problem we're examining, several compounds such as CCC(C)=CCC(C)C are provided in SMILES notation. While complex at first glance, SMILES strings can be decoded to reveal the structure of a molecule. For instance, the SMILES 'C#CC(C)(CC)CC' translates to a molecule whose condensed structural formula is CH鈧僀鈮CH(C(CH鈧侰H鈧))(CH鈧侰H鈧). The '#C' denotes a triple bond between carbon atoms, and branching is indicated by parentheses. Grasping SMILES notation is important for students, as it provides a bridge between visual molecular representations and digital chemical information that is pivotal in many modern scientific endeavors.

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