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Chapter 22: Problem 34

Write the chemical formula for each of the following compounds, and indicate the oxidation state of the halogen or noble-gas atom in each: (a) chlorate ion, (b) hydroiodic acid, (c) iodine trichloride, (d) sodium hypochlorite, (e) perchloric acid, (f) xenon tetrafluoride.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The chemical formulas and oxidation states for the given compounds are: (a) Chlorate ion: \(ClO_3^{-}\) (oxidation state of Cl: +5) (b) Hydroiodic acid: \(HI\) (oxidation state of I: -1) (c) Iodine trichloride: \(ICl_3\) (oxidation state of I: +3) (d) Sodium hypochlorite: \(NaClO\) (oxidation state of Cl: +1) (e) Perchloric acid: \(HClO_4\) (oxidation state of Cl: +7) (f) Xenon tetrafluoride: \(XeF_4\) (oxidation state of Xe: +4)

Step by step solution

01

(a) Chlorate ion

Chlorate ion is composed of chlorine and oxygen. The element symbols are Cl and O, respectively. The chlorate ion has a charge of -1, and the oxidation state of chlorine in this ion is +5. Therefore, the chemical formula for the chlorate ion is \(ClO_3^{-}\).
02

(b) Hydroiodic acid

Hydroiodic acid is made of hydrogen and iodine. The element symbols are H and I, respectively. Hydrogen has a charge of +1, while the oxidation state of iodine in this compound is -1. The chemical formula for hydroiodic acid is \(HI\).
03

(c) Iodine trichloride

Iodine trichloride is a compound consisting of iodine and chlorine. The element symbols are I and Cl, respectively. The oxidation state of iodine is +3, while that of each chlorine atom is -1. To balance the charges, there should be three chlorine atoms for each iodine atom. Therefore, the chemical formula for iodine trichloride is \(ICl_3\).
04

(d) Sodium hypochlorite

Sodium hypochlorite is a compound made up of sodium, oxygen, and chlorine. The element symbols are Na, O, and Cl, respectively. Sodium has a charge of +1, and the oxidation state of chlorine in this compound is +1. Therefore, the chemical formula for sodium hypochlorite is \(NaClO\).
05

(e) Perchloric acid

Perchloric acid is formed by hydrogen and the perchlorate ion. The element symbols are H and Cl for hydrogen and chlorine, respectively, with oxygen being present as well. The oxidation state of chlorine in the perchlorate ion is +7. Hydrogen takes a charge of +1 in the compound. Hence, the chemical formula for perchloric acid is \(HClO_4\).
06

(f) Xenon tetrafluoride

Xenon tetrafluoride is a noble-gas compound made of xenon and fluorine. The element symbols are Xe and F, respectively. The oxidation state of xenon in this compound is +4, and that of each fluorine atom is -1. To balance the charges, there should be four fluorine atoms for each xenon atom. Therefore, the chemical formula for xenon tetrafluoride is \(XeF_4\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write a balanced net ionic equation for each of the following reactions: (a) Dilute nitric acid reacts with zinc metal with formation of nitrous oxide. (b) Concentrated nitric acid reacts with sulfur with formation of nitrogen dioxide. (c) Concentrated nitric acid oxidizes sulfur dioxide with formation of nitric oxide. (d) Hydrazine is burned in excess fluorine gas, forming \(\mathrm{NF}_{3}\). (e) Hydrazine reduces \(\mathrm{CrO}_{4}^{2-}\) to \(\mathrm{Cr}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}^{-}\) in base (hydrazine is oxidized to \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) ).

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