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Chapter 2: Problem 61

Give the chemical formula for (a) chlorite ion, (b) chloride ion, (c) chlorate ion, (d) perchlorate ion, (e) hypochlorite ion.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The chemical formulas for the different chlorine-based ions are as follows: (a) Chlorite ion: \(ClO_2^-\) (b) Chloride ion: \(Cl^-\) (c) Chlorate ion: \(ClO_3^-\) (d) Perchlorate ion: \(ClO_4^-\) (e) Hypochlorite ion: \(ClO^-\)

Step by step solution

01

(a) Chlorite ion

The chlorite ion has the chlorine in an oxidation state of +3. To find the formula for the chlorite ion, we need to balance the charges between the chlorine atom and the oxygen atoms that it is bonded to. Because the oxygen atom has a charge of -2 and we need to reach a total charge of -1 for the ion, the formula for the chlorite ion becomes ClO2^-.
02

(b) Chloride ion

The chloride ion has the chlorine in an oxidation state of -1. In this case, there are no oxygen atoms bonded to the chlorine atom. Thus, the formula for the chloride ion is simply Cl^-.
03

(c) Chlorate ion

The chlorate ion has the chlorine in an oxidation state of +5. To find the formula for the chlorate ion, we need to balance the charges between the chlorine atom and the oxygen atoms that it is bonded to. Due to the oxygen atom having a charge of -2 and we need to obtain a total charge of -1 for the ion, the formula for the chlorate ion becomes ClO3^-.
04

(d) Perchlorate ion

The perchlorate ion has the chlorine in an oxidation state of +7. To find the formula for the perchlorate ion, we need to balance the charges between the chlorine atom and the oxygen atoms that it is bonded to. With the oxygen atom having a charge of -2 and the aim of reaching a total charge of -1 for the ion, the formula for the perchlorate ion becomes ClO4^-.
05

(e) Hypochlorite ion

The hypochlorite ion has the chlorine in an oxidation state of +1. To find the formula for the hypochlorite ion, we need to balance the charges between the chlorine atom and the oxygen atoms that it is bonded to. Due to the oxygen atom having a charge of -2 and meeting a total charge of -1 for the ion, the formula for the hypochlorite ion becomes ClO^-.

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